java 装饰者模式

在First Head 设计模式一书中，
有这样一个例子。

在装饰者模式中，有组件类，装饰器，由此可以逐渐添加类的功能，就好像俄罗斯套娃。

---

package tablejava;


/*
 * 以下是组件类
 * 
 * */
//抽象组件
abstract class Beverage{
    protected String description="Unknow Beverage";

    public String getDescription() {
        return description;
    }

    public abstract double cost() ;
}
//具体组件
class Espresso extends Beverage{

    public Espresso() {
        super();
        description="Espresso";
    }

    @Override
    public double cost() {
        return 1.99;
    }

}
class HouseBlend extends Beverage{

    public HouseBlend() {
        super();
        description="House Blend Coffee";
    }

    @Override
    public double cost() {
        return 0.89;
    }

}
/*
 * 
 *以下的类都是装饰者
 * 
 * */
//抽象装饰者类
abstract class CondimentDecorator extends Beverage{
    public abstract String getDescription();
}
//具体装饰者类
class Mocha extends CondimentDecorator{
    Beverage beverage;

    public Mocha(Beverage beverage) {
        super();
        this.beverage = beverage;
    }

    @Override
    public String getDescription() {
        return this.beverage.getDescription()+" , Mocha";
    }

    @Override
    public double cost() {
        return 0.20+this.beverage.cost();
    }

}

class Soy extends CondimentDecorator{
    Beverage beverage;
    public Soy(Beverage beverage) {
        super();
        this.beverage = beverage;
    }

    @Override
    public String getDescription() {
        return this.beverage.getDescription()+" , Soy";
    }

    @Override
    public double cost() {
        return 0.30+this.beverage.cost();
    }

}

class Whip extends CondimentDecorator{
    Beverage beverage;
    public Whip(Beverage beverage) {
        super();
        this.beverage = beverage;
    }

    @Override
    public String getDescription() {
        return this.beverage.getDescription()+" , Whip";
    }

    @Override
    public double cost() {
        return 0.40+this.beverage.cost();
    }

}


public class Decorator {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Beverage beverage=new Espresso();
        System.out.println(beverage.getDescription()+" $ "+beverage.cost());
        beverage=new Soy(beverage);
        System.out.println(beverage.getDescription()+" $ "+beverage.cost());
        beverage=new Mocha(beverage);
        System.out.println(beverage.getDescription()+" $ "+beverage.cost());
        beverage=new Whip(beverage);
        System.out.println(beverage.getDescription()+" $ "+beverage.cost());
        System.out.println("----------------------------------------------");
        Beverage beverage2=new HouseBlend();
        System.out.println(beverage2.getDescription()+" $ "+beverage2.cost());
        beverage2=new Soy(beverage2);
        System.out.println(beverage2.getDescription()+" $ "+beverage2.cost());
        beverage2=new Mocha(beverage2);
        System.out.println(beverage2.getDescription()+" $ "+beverage2.cost());
        beverage2=new Whip(beverage2);
        System.out.println(beverage2.getDescription()+" $ "+beverage2.cost());
    }

}

运行结果为：

Espresso $ 1.99
Espresso , Soy $ 2.29
Espresso , Soy , Mocha $ 2.49
Espresso , Soy , Mocha , Whip $ 2.89
----------------------------------------------
House Blend Coffee $ 0.89
House Blend Coffee , Soy $ 1.19
House Blend Coffee , Soy , Mocha $ 1.39
House Blend Coffee , Soy , Mocha , Whip $ 1.79

---

在这个例子中，如果按照刚刚的图例来理解，
就会得到: