Python在自然语言处理领域的应用 Natural Language Processing With Python: Analyzing Text

本文深入探讨Python在自然语言处理(NLP)的应用,介绍词汇表、特征向量、向量空间模型、词袋模型和语言模型等基础概念,并详细讲解Scikit-learn和NLTK中的NLP模块,如CountVectorizer和FreqDist,提供数据清洗、关键词提取和文本聚类等案例,旨在帮助读者理解Python在NLP中的实用技巧。
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作者:禅与计算机程序设计艺术

1.简介

概述

在自然语言处理领域,Python被视作最优秀、应用范围最广泛、社区氛围最活跃、学习曲线最平缓的一门编程语言。它提供丰富的库函数和框架支持,有着庞大的生态系统,包括机器学习库scikit-learn、NLP工具包nltk等,使得数据分析者和科研工作者能够快速构建项目并实现模型训练、部署和应用。本文作者对Python在自然语言处理领域的应用进行了深入阐述,旨在帮助读者快速了解Python及其相关工具包的使用方法和技巧,帮助非计算机专业人员理解文本数据的处理过程。

本文首先回顾了自然语言处理(NLP)的一些基础概念和术语,包括词汇表、特征向量、向量空间模型、词袋模型、语言模型等,为之后详细介绍Python中主要的NLP工具包Scikit-learn和NLTK做好准备。然后,从词频统计、特征提取、分类建模到主题模型,逐步介绍这些工具包的具体功能和用法。最后,还会给出一些适合于NLP新手学习者的扩展阅读资源,包括数据集和案例研究。

一、词汇表、特征向量、向量空间模型、词袋模型和语言模型

词汇表(Vocabulary)

NLP涉及到的词汇表,是一个词列表,它将所有的单词或短语都整理成一个集合,形成语料库或文档中出现的所有

Python Natural Language Processing by Jalaj Thanaki English | 31 July 2017 | ISBN: 1787121429 | ASIN: B072B8YWCJ | 486 Pages | AZW3 | 11.02 MB Key Features Implement Machine Learning and Deep Learning techniques for efficient natural language processing Get started with NLTK and implement NLP in your applications with ease Understand and interpret human languages with the power of text analysis via Python Book Description This book starts off by laying the foundation for Natural Language Processing and why Python is one of the best options to build an NLP-based expert system with advantages such as Community support, availability of frameworks and so on. Later it gives you a better understanding of available free forms of corpus and different types of dataset. After this, you will know how to choose a dataset for natural language processing applications and find the right NLP techniques to process sentences in datasets and understand their structure. You will also learn how to tokenize different parts of sentences and ways to analyze them. During the course of the book, you will explore the semantic as well as syntactic analysis of text. You will understand how to solve various ambiguities in processing human language and will come across various scenarios while performing text analysis. You will learn the very basics of getting the environment ready for natural language processing, move on to the initial setup, and then quickly understand sentences and language parts. You will learn the power of Machine Learning and Deep Learning to extract information from text data. By the end of the book, you will have a clear understanding of natural language processing and will have worked on multiple examples that implement NLP in the real world. What you will learn Focus on Python programming paradigms, which are used to develop NLP applications Understand corpus analysis and different types of data attribute. Learn NLP using Python libraries such as NLTK, Polyglot,
Mastering Natural Language Processing with Python by Deepti Chopra, Nisheeth Joshi, Iti Mathur 2016 | ISBN: 1783989041 | English | 238 pages Maximize your NLP capabilities while creating amazing NLP projects in Python About This Book Learn to implement various NLP tasks in Python Gain insights into the current and budding research topics of NLP This is a comprehensive step-by-step guide to help students and researchers create their own projects based on real-life applications Who This Book Is For This book is for intermediate level developers in NLP with a reasonable knowledge level and understanding of Python. What You Will Learn Implement string matching algorithms and normalization techniques Implement statistical language modeling techniques Get an insight into developing a stemmer, lemmatizer, morphological analyzer, and morphological generator Develop a search engine and implement POS tagging concepts and statistical modeling concepts involving the n gram approach Familiarize yourself with concepts such as the Treebank construct, CFG construction, the CYK Chart Parsing algorithm, and the Earley Chart Parsing algorithm Develop an NER-based system and understand and apply the concepts of sentiment analysis Understand and implement the concepts of Information Retrieval and text summarization Develop a Discourse Analysis System and Anaphora Resolution based system In Detail Natural Language Processing is one of the fields of computational linguistics and artificial intelligence that is concerned with human-computer interaction. It provides a seamless interaction between computers and human beings and gives computers the ability to understand human speech with the help of machine learning. This book will give you expertise on how to employ various NLP tasks in Python, giving you an insight into the best practices when designing and building NLP-based applications using Python. It will help you become an expert in no time and assist you in creating your own NLP projects using NLTK. You will sequentially be guided through applying machine learning tools to develop various models. We'll give you clarity on how to create training data and how to implement major NLP applications such as Named Entity Recognition, Question Answering System, Discourse Analysis, Transliteration, Word Sense disambiguation, Information Retrieval, Sentiment Analysis, Text Summarization, and Anaphora Resolution. Style and approach This is an easy-to-follow guide, full of hands-on examples of real-world tasks. Each topic is explained and placed in context, and for the more inquisitive, there are more details of the concepts used.
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