Buy an Integer

时间限制: 1 Sec 内存限制: 128 MB
[提交] [状态]
题目描述
Takahashi has come to an integer shop to buy an integer.
The shop sells the integers from 1 through 10^9. The integer N is sold for A×N+B×d(N) yen (the currency of Japan), where d(N) is the number of digits in the decimal notation of N.
Find the largest integer that Takahashi can buy when he has X yen. If no integer can be bought, print 0.

Constraints
·All values in input are integers.
·1≤A≤10^9
·1≤B≤10^9
·1≤X≤10^18
输入
Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

A B X
输出
Print the greatest integer that Takahashi can buy. If no integer can be bought, print 0.
样例输入 Copy
【样例1】

10 7 100

【样例2】

2 1 100000000000

【样例3】

1000000000 1000000000 100

【样例4】

1234 56789 314159265

样例输出 Copy
【样例1】

9

【样例2】

1000000000

【样例3】

0

【样例4】

254309

提示
样例1解释
The integer 9 is sold for 10×9+7×1=97 yen, and this is the greatest integer that can be bought. Some of the other integers are sold for the following prices:
·10:10×10+7×2=114 yen
·100:10×100+7×3=1021 yen
·12345:10×12345+7×5=123485 yen
样例2解释
He can buy the largest integer that is sold. Note that input may not fit into a 32-bit integer type.
题目大意是求满足A×N+B×d(N) <=X的最大的n值。显然f(n)=A×N+B×d(N)为单增函数。因此考虑二分法求解，类似于高中学过的二分法求方程的根，算是比较简单的二分了。
注意求一个数的位数的方法：d=0;while(temp) { d++; temp=temp/10; }注意二分的关键代码部分if(a*mid+b*d>x)r=mid-1; else if(a*mid+b*d<=x)l=mid+1;不要写成if(a*mid+b*d>x)r=mid-1; else if(a*mid+b*d<x)l=mid+1; else break;退出循环后r比l要小1，经过测验后发现最终应输出r，而且当找不到那个数时说明那个数应该是负的，l一直不动，r一直往左移动，直到等于0，恰好不用特判。

#include<stdio.h>
typedef long long int lli;
int main()
{
    lli a;
    lli b;
    lli x;
    lli mid;
    lli temp;
    lli l=1;
    lli r=1e9;
    lli d;
    scanf("%lld %lld %lld",&a,&b,&x);
    while(l<=r)
    {
        mid=(l+r)/2;
        temp=mid;
        d=0;
        while(temp)
        {
            d++;
            temp=temp/10;
        }
        if(a*mid+b*d>x)r=mid-1;
        else if(a*mid+b*d<=x)l=mid+1;
    }
    printf("%lld",r);
    return 0;
}
/**************************************************************
    Language: C++
    Result: 正确
    Time:0 ms
    Memory:1120 kb
****************************************************************/