为什么要写阅读源码
上篇写了lua的数据类型之后,思考了下,觉得还是要先写下源码阅读相关的。不然的话,很多东西都是死记硬背的,不知其然,也不知其所以然。这篇简单写下我所阅读过的吧,对自己有个小结,也希望能帮助到更多的人。
库阅读顺序I
一般而言,都是从main函数来阅读的。首先,找到lua.c,可以找到main函数如下:
int main (int argc, char **argv) {
int status, result;
lua_State *L = luaL_newstate(); /* create state */
if (L == NULL) {
l_message(argv[0], "cannot create state: not enough memory");
return EXIT_FAILURE;
}
lua_pushcfunction(L, &pmain); /* to call 'pmain' in protected mode */
lua_pushinteger(L, argc); /* 1st argument */
lua_pushlightuserdata(L, argv); /* 2nd argument */
status = lua_pcall(L, 2, 1, 0); /* do the call */
result = lua_toboolean(L, -1); /* get result */
report(L, status);
lua_close(L);
return (result && status == LUA_OK) ? EXIT_SUCCESS : EXIT_FAILURE;
}
其实,最重要的就是pmain这个函数了。pmain函数,如下截图:
从上图可以看到很多,最重要的只有一个luaL_openlibs(L)这个函数;
进入到这个函数,可以看到如下代码:
LUALIB_API void luaL_openlibs (lua_State *L) {
const luaL_Reg *lib;
/* "require" functions from 'loadedlibs' and set results to global table */
for (lib = loadedlibs; lib->func; lib++) {
luaL_requiref(L, lib->name, lib->func, 1);
lua_pop(L, 1); /* remove lib */
}
}
再看下loadedlibs这个定义,如下:
/*
** these libs are loaded by lua.c and are readily available to any Lua
** program
*/
static const luaL_Reg loadedlibs[] = {
{LUA_GNAME, luaopen_base},
{LUA_LOADLIBNAME, luaopen_package},
{LUA_COLIBNAME, luaopen_coroutine},
{LUA_TABLIBNAME, luaopen_table},
{LUA_IOLIBNAME, luaopen_io},
{LUA_OSLIBNAME, luaopen_os},
{LUA_STRLIBNAME, luaopen_string},
{LUA_MATHLIBNAME, luaopen_math},
{LUA_UTF8LIBNAME, luaopen_utf8},
{LUA_DBLIBNAME, luaopen_debug},
{NULL, NULL}
};
这就找到了各个库代码的定义的地方。
当然,这是1种方法;接下来,我们说下方法二;
库阅读顺序II
再从中找到公共部分,就是lualib.h,再看下这个头文件,
/* version suffix for environment variable names */
#define LUA_VERSUFFIX "_" LUA_VERSION_MAJOR "_" LUA_VERSION_MINOR
LUAMOD_API int (luaopen_base) (lua_State *L);
#define LUA_COLIBNAME "coroutine"
LUAMOD_API int (luaopen_coroutine) (lua_State *L);
#define LUA_TABLIBNAME "table"
LUAMOD_API int (luaopen_table) (lua_State *L);
#define LUA_IOLIBNAME "io"
LUAMOD_API int (luaopen_io) (lua_State *L);
#define LUA_OSLIBNAME "os"
LUAMOD_API int (luaopen_os) (lua_State *L);
#define LUA_STRLIBNAME "string"
LUAMOD_API int (luaopen_string) (lua_State *L);
#define LUA_UTF8LIBNAME "utf8"
LUAMOD_API int (luaopen_utf8) (lua_State *L);
#define LUA_MATHLIBNAME "math"
LUAMOD_API int (luaopen_math) (lua_State *L);
#define LUA_DBLIBNAME "debug"
LUAMOD_API int (luaopen_debug) (lua_State *L);
#define LUA_LOADLIBNAME "package"
LUAMOD_API int (luaopen_package) (lua_State *L);
/* open all previous libraries */
LUALIB_API void (luaL_openlibs) (lua_State *L);
#if !defined(lua_assert)
#define lua_assert(x) ((void)0)
#endif
这里,我们大概可以找到最主要的一些库文件,了解到我们想知道的代码,或者扩展一些我们自己定义的方法。
找个简单的函数,比如print函数:这个在luaopen_base里,我们可以找到base_func,然后找到print函数
如下图,为luaopen_base函数,在lbaselib.h中,
LUAMOD_API int luaopen_base (lua_State *L) {
/* open lib into global table */
lua_pushglobaltable(L);
luaL_setfuncs(L, base_funcs, 0);
/* set global _G */
lua_pushvalue(L, -1);
lua_setfield(L, -2, LUA_GNAME);
/* set global _VERSION */
lua_pushliteral(L, LUA_VERSION);
lua_setfield(L, -2, "_VERSION");
return 1;
}
下图为base_funcs,可以找到print函数,从而进一步找到print函数的实现
static const luaL_Reg base_funcs[] = {
{"assert", luaB_assert},
{"collectgarbage", luaB_collectgarbage},
{"dofile", luaB_dofile},
{"error", luaB_error},
{"getmetatable", luaB_getmetatable},
{"ipairs", luaB_ipairs},
{"loadfile", luaB_loadfile},
{"load", luaB_load},
{"next", luaB_next},
{"pairs", luaB_pairs},
{"pcall", luaB_pcall},
{"print", luaB_print},
{"warn", luaB_warn},
{"rawequal", luaB_rawequal},
{"rawlen", luaB_rawlen},
{"rawget", luaB_rawget},
{"rawset", luaB_rawset},
{"select", luaB_select},
{"setmetatable", luaB_setmetatable},
{"tonumber", luaB_tonumber},
{"tostring", luaB_tostring},
{"type", luaB_type},
{"xpcall", luaB_xpcall},
/* placeholders */
{LUA_GNAME, NULL},
{"_VERSION", NULL},
{NULL, NULL}
};
下图为print函数的实现:
static int luaB_print (lua_State *L) {
int n = lua_gettop(L); /* number of arguments */
int i;
for (i = 1; i <= n; i++) { /* for each argument */
size_t l;
const char *s = luaL_tolstring(L, i, &l); /* convert it to string */
if (i > 1) /* not the first element? */
lua_writestring("\t", 1); /* add a tab before it */
lua_writestring(s, l); /* print it */
lua_pop(L, 1); /* pop result */
}
lua_writeline();
return 0;
}
好了,大致流程如此。这些只是我的个人理解,希望真的帮助到正在看的你,也希望你又更深的理解。