本系列文章主要讲解 MEM/MBA 英语基础,系列文章总纲链接为:MEM/MBA英语基础
本章节思维导图如下所示(思维导图会持续迭代):
1 定语从句 基本概念
- 定语从句:修饰名词或代词的从句。
- 先⾏词:引导定语从句的词。
- 关系词:被定语从句修饰的词或句子,指代先⾏词在从句中做成分。
比如:
- The panda who sells noodles is a kungfu master. 这个 卖⾯条的 熊猫是个功夫大师。
- The girl who often helps me with my English is from England. 经常在英语⽅方⾯面帮助我的那个⼥女女孩是英国⼈人。
- Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle. 玛丽喜欢轻柔的⾳音乐。
- The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket. 位于⽕火⻋车站附近的那座⼤大楼是⼀一家超市。
定语从句分类
- 限制性定语从句:没有逗号,修饰限定,不能省略,翻译为...的。
- 非限制性定语从句:有逗号,补充说明,能省略,另起一句翻译。
2 定语从句详解
2.1 限制性定语从句
2.1.1 先行词是人 who/that在从句中做主语 ,whom/who/that在从句中做宾语
- I am a girl who loves crying. 我是⼥生,奇怪的⼥生。
- I am a girl who is beautiful. 我是⼥生,漂亮的⼥生。
- This is the girl whom/that/who he worked with in the office. 这就是和他⼀一起在办公室⼯工作的那个⼥女女孩。
- The child whom/who/that the doctor followed was afraid. 医⽣生追着的⼩小孩很害怕。
2.1.2 先行词是物 关系代词用which/that 介词之后只能用which
- jiong is a Chinese word that/which shows the feeling of being awkward or depressed. 囧 是⼀个表达尴尬或抑郁感觉的中国字。
- Enoki is a kind of food which/that is hard to digest. 木薯是一种很难消化的食物。
2.1.3 只⽤that 的情况
@1 先⾏词是不定代词时
Is there anything that I can do for you ? 我能为您做点什什么?
@2 先⾏词被序数词和最高级修饰时
- English is the most difficult language that you will learn. 英语将是你学的最难的语⾔。
- It is the most delicious food that I have ever eaten. 这是我吃过最好吃的⻝物。
@3 先⾏词被the only, the very, the last修饰时
- Her opinion is the only one that matters.她是唯⼀一个说了算的。
- Distraction is the only thing that consoles us for our miseries. 分散注意力是对我们的痛苦的唯一安慰。
2.1.4 whose 谁的
- The girl whose performance won the best actress awards is gorgeous. 那个表演获得了最佳⼥主角奖项的女孩真美啊。
- The buildings whose names are strange are located in Beijing. 这些名字很奇怪的建筑坐落于北北京。
2.1.5 where 先行词是地点, 在从句中作地点状语
- This is the city where I was born. 这是我出⽣生的那座城市。
- That’s the hotel where we were staying last summer. 这就是去年年夏天住的旅馆。
2.1.6 when 先⾏行行词是时间, 在从句句中作时间状语
- She’ll never forget the day when they got married. 她永远也不不会忘了了结婚那天。
- The Spring Festival is a time when people put on weight. 春节是⼈人们体重增加的时候。
2.1.7 why 先⾏行行词是原因, 在从句句中作原因状语
- The reason why I’m calling you is to invite you to a party. 我打电话是想请你去参加聚会。
- We don’t know the reason why he didn’t show up. 我们不不知道他为什什么没有来。
2.2 非限制性定语从句
使用该场景说明:
- 专有名词:They climbed to the top of Mount Tai, where they enjoyed the view of sunrise. 他们爬上泰山山顶,在那里他们欣赏日出的景色。
- 类指:A bear, which is always described as awkward, is actually quick in action. 熊,通常被描述为笨拙,实际上行动迅速
- 先行项是句子:President Obama is changed into a woman, which is really funny. 奥巴马总统变成了一个女人,真有趣
2.3 同位语从句和定语从句的区别
- 同位语从句通常对前面的名词起补充解释作用,两者之间是同位关系;
- 定语从句是用来说明先行词的性质或特征,起修饰或限制作用,两者之间是修饰与被修饰的关系。