solution cygwin $DISPLAY environment variable questions

 使用新版本的Cygwin，安装时出现很多问题。------------------留作参考----------------------

     首先从官网下载setup.exe后运行安装，选择需要的包。

     在终端输入gitk后出现错误：

       Application initialization failed: no display name and no $DISPLAY environment variable

    解决方案：http://stackoverflow.com/questions/9393462/cannot-launch-git-gui-using-cygwin-on-windows

     

As of a  recent Tcl/Tk update , Cygwin now uses X11 instead of GDI. In short, this means you need to install some of the Cygwin X11 packages and set them up to be able to open the GUI.

This should get you back up and running:

1. Run the Cygwin installer again (download  setup.exe  again if you need to).
2. At the package list, select to install "xinit" and "X-start-menu-icons"; both are under the X11 category. Click next, accept all the dependencies, and install.
3. In the Windows Start menu, you should have a new group: Cygwin-X. From there, run XWin Server.
4. In your Cygwin shell, run  export DISPLAY=:0.0 .

You'll need to repeat step 3 every time you reboot your computer, and step 4 every time you open a new Cygwin shell (or just run echo "export DISPLAY=:0.0" >>~/.profile  to have it run automatically whenever you create a new shell).

For the interested, the reason the X11 packages aren't installed automatically is that they're  not technically needed : it's possible through somewhat convoluted means to use a different X11 server than the one Cygwin installs when you install the "xinit" package

       也就是说新版本的Cygwin需要X11了，所以要装上 xinit" and "X-start-menu-icons"；

另外，运行的时候：

1. 运行cygwin的安装程序，安装 Xorg Server 和Xinit

2. 运行cygwin，输入startx

3. 运行gitk或者git gui