【Linux】任务计划crontab

一、crontab的使用 通常crontab储存的被守护进程激活,crontab为其守护进程,crontab常常在后台运行,每分钟检查一次是否有指定的作业需要被执行。

   添加一个计划任务
    crontab -e

   第一次进入需要选择编辑工具,选择vim.basic

   然后可以看到命令的基本格式 m h dom mon dow command(分钟0~60 小时0~23 日期1~31 月份1~120~7 命令)

   另外还有一些特殊符号:

    *代表任意时间都可以
    ,代表分隔时段的意思
    -代表一段时间内
    /n 每隔n个单位间隔

   例:我们的任务是第分钟在/home目录下创建一个以当前年月日时分秒为名字的空白文件

    */1 * * * * touch /home/$(date+\%Y\%m\%d\%H\%M\%S)

   查看添加了哪些任务
    crontab -l

   任务添加了,还要保证cron的守护进程启动,两种方式查看cron进程是否后台启动:

    ps aux | grep cron
    或者
    pgrep cron

    查看执行任务后日志信息反馈:

    sudo tail -f /var/log/syslog

   删除一项任务:

    crontab -r
    再查看crontab -l已经没有任务了

二、crontab深入

 crontab -e会在/var/spool/cron/crontabs下为用户添加一个自己的任务文档

 系统性任务不用crontab -e来管理,只需要编辑/etc/crontab文件

 crontab -e 这个crontab是由/usr/bin/crontab来执行,我们可以以root来修改这个文档,修改完保存后就会被自动执行

 查看/etc/ 下关于cron的文件:

 ll /etc | grep cron

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