Rushinger

  A family hierarchy is usually presented by a pedigree tree. Your job is to count those family members who have no child. Input Each input file contains one test case. Each case starts with a line...

Given N integers, you are supposed to find the smallest positive integer that is NOT in the given list. Input Specification: Each input file contains one test case. For each case, the first line giv...

In computer science, a heap is a specialized tree-based data structure that satisfies the heap property: if P is a parent node of C, then the key (the value) of P is either greater than or equal to (i...

Look-and-say sequence is a sequence of integers as the following: D, D1, D111, D113, D11231, D112213111, ... where D is in [0, 9] except 1. The (n+1)st number is a kind of description of the nth n...

Consider a positive integer N written in standard notation with k+1 digits a​i​​ as a​k​​⋯a​1​​a​0​​with 0≤a​i​​<10 for all i and a​k​​>0. Then N is palindromic if and only if a​i​​=a​k−i​​ for ...

After each PAT, the PAT Center will announce the ranking of institutions based on their students' performances. Now you are asked to generate the ranklist. Input Specification: Each input file conta...

The lowest common ancestor (LCA) of two nodes U and V in a tree is the deepest node that has both U and V as descendants. A binary search tree (BST) is recursively defined as a binary tree which has ...

Suppose that all the keys in a binary tree are distinct positive integers. Given the preorder and inorder traversal sequences, you are supposed to output the first number of the postorder traversal se...

Cutting an integer means to cut a K digits lone integer Z into two integers of (K/2) digits long integers A and B. For example, after cutting Z = 167334, we have A = 167 and B = 334. It is interesting...

The task of this problem is simple: insert a sequence of distinct positive integers into a hash table first. Then try to find another sequence of integer keys from the table and output the average sea...

A clique is a subset of vertices of an undirected graph such that every two distinct vertices in the clique are adjacent. A maximal clique is a clique that cannot be extended by including one more adj...

This time, you are supposed to find A*B where A and B are two polynomials. Input Specification: Each input file contains one test case. Each case occupies 2 lines, and each line contains the informa...

The highest building in our city has only one elevator. A request list is made up with N positive numbers. The numbers denote at which floors the elevator will stop, in specified order. It costs 6 sec...

It is vitally important to have all the cities connected by highways in a war. If a city is occupied by the enemy, all the highways from/toward that city are closed. We must know immediately if we nee...

With the 2010 FIFA World Cup running, football fans the world over were becoming increasingly excited as the best players from the best teams doing battles for the World Cup trophy in South Africa. Si...

  Given a non-negative integer N, your task is to compute the sum of all the digits of N, and output every digit of the sum in English. Input Specification: Each input file contains one test case. ...

At the beginning of every day, the first person who signs in the computer room will unlock the door, and the last one who signs out will lock the door. Given the records of signing in's and out's, you...

Given a sequence of K integers { N~1~, N~2~, ..., N~K~ }. A continuous subsequence is defined to be { N~i~, N~i+1~, ..., N~j~ } where 1 <= i <= j <= K. The Maximum Subsequence is the continuo...

A reversible prime in any number system is a prime whose "reverse" in that number system is also a prime. For example in the decimal system 73 is a reversible prime because its reverse 37 is also a pr...

Given a singly linked list, you are supposed to rearrange its elements so that all the negative values appear before all of the non-negatives, and all the values in [0, K] appear before all those grea...