lorawan和lora_用于物联网的LoRa和LoRaWAN

最新推荐文章于 2024-04-05 16:08:01 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-04-05 16:08:01 发布

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原文链接：https://itnext.io/lora-for-iot-1f91085c5917

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lorawan和lora

介绍 (Introduction)

According to the LoRa Alliance, Low-Power, Wide-Area Networks (LPWAN) are projected to support a major portion of the billions of devices forecasted for the Internet of Things (IoT). LoRaWAN is designed from the bottom up to optimize LPWANs for battery lifetime, capacity, range, and cost. LoRa and LoRaWAN permit long-range connectivity for the Internet of Things (IoT) devices in different types of industries. According to Wikipedia, LoRaWAN defines the communication protocol and system architecture for the network, while the LoRa physical layer enables the long-range communication link.

根据LoRa联盟的说法，低功耗，广域网(LPWAN)预计将支持预计用于物联网(IoT)的数十亿设备的很大一部分。 LoRaWAN从下至上进行设计，以针对电池寿命，容量，范围和成本优化LPWAN。 LoRa和LoRaWAN允许在不同类型的行业中为物联网(IoT)设备提供远程连接。根据Wikipedia的介绍，LoRaWAN定义了网络的通信协议和系统架构，而LoRa物理层实现了远程通信链接。

劳拉 (LoRa)

Long Range (LoRa), the low-power wide-area network (LPWAN) protocol developed by Semtech, sits at layer 1, the physical layer, of the seven-layer OSI model (Open Systems Interconnection model) of computer networking. The physical layer defines the means of transmitting raw bits over a physical data link connecting network nodes. LoRa uses license-free sub-gigahertz radio frequency (RF) bands, including 433 MHz, 868 MHz (Europe), 915 MHz (Australia and North America), and 923 MHz (Asia). LoRa enables long-range transmissions with low power consumption.

远程( LoRa )是Semtech开发的低功耗广域网(LPWAN)协议，位于计算机网络的七层OSI模型 (开放系统互连模型)的第1层，即物理层。物理层定义了通过连接网络节点的物理数据链路传输原始位的方法。 LoRa使用免许可的千兆赫兹射频(RF)频段，包括433 MHz，868 MHz(欧洲)，915 MHz(澳大利亚和北美)和923 MHz(亚洲)。 LoRa可实现低功耗的远程传输。

广域网 (LoRaWAN)

LoRaWAN is a cloud-based medium access control (MAC) sublayer (layer 2) protocol but acts mainly as a network layer (layer 3) protocol for managing communication between LPWAN gateways and end-node devices as a routing protocol, maintained by the LoRa Alliance. The MAC sublayer and the logical link control (LLC) sublayer together make up layer 2, the data link layer, of the OSI model.

LoRaWAN是基于云的媒体访问控制(MAC)子层(第2层)协议，但主要用作网络层 (第3层)协议，用于管理LPWAN网关和终端节点设备之间的通信，作为路由协议，由LoRa维护联盟。 MAC子层和逻辑链路控制(LLC)子层共同构成OSI模型的第2层，即数据链路层。

LoRaWAN is often cited as having greater than a 10-km-wide coverage area in rural locations. However, according to other sources, it is generally more limited. According to the Electronic Design article, 11 Myths About LoRaWAN, a typical LoRaWAN network range depends on numerous factors-indoor or outdoor gateways, the payload of the message, the antenna used, etc. On average, in an urban environment with an outdoor gateway, you can expect up to 2- to 3-km-wide coverage, while in the rural areas it can reach beyond 5 to 7 km. LoRa’s range depends on the “radio line-of-sight.” Radio waves in the 400 MHz to 900 MHz range may pass through some obstructions, depending on their composition, but will be absorbed or reflected otherwise. This means that the signal can potentially reach as far as the horizon, as long as there are no physical barriers to block it.

LoRaWAN通常被认为在农村地区的覆盖范围超过10公里。但是，根据其他消息来源，通常更受限制。根据《电子设计》文章《关于LoRaWAN的11个迷思》，典型的LoRaWAN网络范围取决于许多因素，包括室内或室外网关，消息的有效负载，使用的天线等。平均而言，在具有室外网关的城市环境中，您可以预期覆盖2至3公里，而在农村地区则可以覆盖5至7公里。 LoRa的范围取决于“无线电视线”。 400 MHz至900 MHz范围内的无线电波可能会穿过某些障碍物，具体取决于它们的成分，但是会被吸收或反射。 这意味着只要没有物理障碍将其阻挡，信号就可以潜在地到达地平线。

In the following hands-on post, we will explore the use of the LoRa and LoRaWAN protocols to transmit and receive sensor data, over a substantial distance, between an IoT device, containing a number of embedded sensors, and an IoT gateway.

在下面的动手文章中，我们将探索使用LoRa和LoRaWAN协议在包含大量嵌入式传感器的IoT设备与IoT网关之间在相当长的距离内发送和接收传感器数据。