帕金森定律_通过图像分析将帕金森病分类2

帕金森定律

应用计算机视觉 (Applied Computer Vision)

In my previous post, I outlined some manually obtained features such as number of intersection and end-points, line thickness, standard deviation, etc. In this post, we will apply those features to try and classify two sets of drawings into either healthy or Parkinson’s for wave and spiral type. In addition, we will also look at two other methods of classification using more advanced machine learning approaches: namely feature extraction combined with logistic regression; as well as a custom, trained-from-scratch convolutional model.

在我的上一篇文章中 ，我概述了一些手动获得的特征，例如交点和终点的数量，线宽，标准偏差等。在本篇文章中，我们将应用这些特征来尝试将两组图形分类为健康图形或正常图形帕金森氏波和螺旋型。 此外，我们还将研究使用更高级的机器学习方法进行的其他两种分类方法：即特征提取与逻辑回归相结合； 以及自定义的，从零开始训练的卷积模型。

Before we begin, disclaimer that this is not meant to be any kind of medical study or test. Please refer to the original paper for details on the actual experiment, which I was not a part of.Zham P, Kumar DK, Dabnichki P, Poosapadi Arjunan S, Raghav S. Distinguishing Different Stages of Parkinson’s Disease Using Composite Index of Speed and Pen-Pressure of Sketching a Spiral. Front Neurol. 2017;8:435. Published 2017 Sep 6. doi:10.3389/fneur.2017.00435.

在我们开始之前，请声明这并不意味着要进行任何医学研究或测试。 有关实际实验的详细信息，请参阅原始论文 ，我不参与其中.Zham P，Kumar DK，Dabnichki P，Poosapadi Arjunan S，Raghav S. 使用速度和笔的综合指数来区分帕金森氏病的不同阶段-绘制螺旋线的压力 。 前神经元。 2017; 8：435。 2017年9月6日发布。doi：10.3389 / fneur.2017.00435。

One thing that is important to decide when doing a project like this is, what are the goals? Here, there are two:1. Obtain an understanding of the observable differences between sketch types (healthy or Parkinson’s) for wave and spiral images.2. Create a classifier with high accuracy to determine if a patient is likely to have Parkinson’s or not.As I mentioned in my previous post, one limitation with going straight to a neural network model is that it is a black-box classifier for the most part. We lose the understanding of what exactly are the fundamental differences in the drawings caused by symptoms of Parkinson’s. This is where our first classifier is used, which actually targets both goals. We will start there.

决定像这样进行项目时重要的一件事是目标是什么？ 这里有两个：1。 了解波形和螺旋图像的草图类型(健康或帕金森氏)之间可观察到的差异2。 创建一个高精度的分类器来确定患者是否可能患有帕金森氏病。正如我在上一篇文章中提到的那样，直接进入神经网络模型的一个局限性在于它在大多数情况下都是黑盒分类器。 我们对帕金森氏症的症状所导致的图纸根本差异到底是什么一无所知。 这是我们使用第一个分类器的地方，它实际上既针对两个目标。 我们将从这里开始。

演示地址

From giphy

从吉菲

手工构建功能的随机森林分类器 (Random Forest Classifier from hand-built features)

The title of this section says it all. I use a Random Forest classifier on the obtained features in my last post. Explicitly, the features we will be using, which are calculated for each image and stored in a pandas dataframe are:- ‘mean_thickness’; ‘std_thickness’; ‘number_pixels’; ‘number_edgepoints’; ‘number_intersections’.A trick I have found is also incorporating some non-linearity by creating interaction features, where each feature is multiplied by each other feature. For example: mean_thickness * number_intersections. This increases the number of features to be 15.We also have to remember to standardize each feature. This places the mean at 0. Essentially we subtract the mean and divide by the standard deviation for each feature column. Finally, we have to create a one-hot-coding for our target class. This is only a binary classification, so this will suffice. This will transform our ‘healthy’ or ‘parkinson’ label to a 0, or 1.We also make sure to separate our training data from our test data.That’s it! We can pass our feature columns into a Random Forest classifier. It is important to note here as well, that we need separate models for the wave and spiral datasets. An obvious, but important note. Here are the results for wave:

本节的吨他标题说明了一切。 我在上一篇文章中对获得的功能使用了随机森林分类器。 明确地说，我们将使用的功能(针对每个图像计算并存储在pandas数据框中)为：-“ mean_thickness”； 'std_thickness'; 'number_pixels'; 'number_edgepoints'; 我发现的一个技巧还在于通过创建交互特征来合并一些非线性，其中每个特征彼此相乘。 例如：mean_thickness * number_intersections。 这将功能数量增加到15。我们还必须记住要标准化每个功能。 这将平均值置