卷积神经网络中的卷积核真的仅仅在挪动？

卷积神经网络中的卷积核真的仅仅在挪动？

卷积神经网络中的卷积核

初等概率论中卷积公式

一维

连续

\[ (f*g)(\tau)=\int_{-\infty}^{\infty}f(t)\cdot g(\tau-t)dt \]

二维

连续

\[ (f*g)(\tau_1,\tau_2)=\int_{-\infty}^{\infty}\int_{-\infty}^{\infty}f(t_1,t_2)\cdot g(\tau_1-t_1,\tau_2-t_2)dt \]

离散

\[ (f*g)(\tau_1,\tau_2)=\sum_{i=-\infty}^{\infty}\sum_{j=-\infty}^{\infty}f(i,j)\cdot g(\tau_1-i,\tau_2-j) \]

例子

考虑二维情况计算

\[ f=\left[\begin{array}{rrrr} 1 & 2 & 3 & 4 \\ 5 & 6 & 7 & 8 \\ 9 & 10 & 11 & 12 \\ 13 & 14 & 15 & 16 \\ \end{array}\right] \]
和
\[ g=\left[\begin{array}{rr} -3 & 1 \\ 4 & -2 \end{array}\right] \]

问：如何计算f和g的卷积？

具体计算如下

方法一

使用全面的离散情况公式进行计算

\[ (f*g)(\tau_1,\tau_2)=\sum_{i=-\infty}^{\infty}\sum_{j=-\infty}^{\infty}f(i,j)\cdot g(\tau_1-i,\tau_2-j) \]

于是有 (简单起见，取 f 和 g的最大支撑集进行计算)
\[ (f*g)(\tau_1,\tau_2)=\sum_{i=0}^{3}\sum_{j=0}^{3}f(i,j)\cdot g(\tau_1-i,\tau_2-j) \]

这样，就得到（为使计算过程更加清晰，下面计算过程尽量不作约简）
\[ \begin{array}{ll} &(f*g)(0,0) \\ =&\sum_{i=0}^{3}\sum_{j=0}^{3}f(i,j)\cdot g(0-i,0-j)\\ =& f(0,0)\cdot g(0-0,0-0)+f(0,1)\cdot g(0-0,0-1)+f(0,2)\cdot g(0-0,0-2)+f(0,3)\cdot g(0-0,0-3)\\ &+ f(1,0)\cdot g(0-1,0-0)+f(1,1)\cdot g(0-1,0-1)+f(1,2)\cdot g(0-1,0-2)+f(1,3)\cdot g(0-1,0-3)\\ &+ f(2,0)\cdot g(0-2,0-0)+f(2,1)\cdot g(0-2,0-1)+f(2,2)\cdot g(0-2,0-2)+f(2,3)\cdot g(0-2,0-3)\\ &+ f(3,0)\cdot g(0-3,0-0)+f(3,1)\cdot g(0-3,0-1)+f(3,2)\cdot g(0-3,0-2)+f(3,3)\cdot g(0-3,0-3)\\ =& f(0,0)\cdot g(0-0,0-0)\\ =& f(0,0)\cdot g(0,0)\\ =& 1\cdot -3\\ =& -3 \end{array} \]

\[ \begin{array}{ll} &(f*g)(0,1) \\ =&\sum_{i=0}^{3}\sum_{j=0}^{3}f(i,j)\cdot g(0-i,1-j)\\ =& f(0,0)\cdot g(0-0,1-0)+f(0,1)\cdot g(0-0,1-1)+f(0,2)\cdot g(0-0,1-2)+f(0,3)\cdot g(0-0,1-3)\\ &+ f(1,0)\cdot g(0-1,1-0)+f(1,1)\cdot g(0-1,1-1)+f(1,2)\cdot g(0-1,1-2)+f(1,3)\cdot g(0-1,1-3)\\ &+ f(2,0)\cdot g(0-2,1-0)+f(2,1)\cdot g(0-2,1-1)+f(2,2)\cdot g(0-2,1-2)+f(2,3)\cdot g(0-2,1-3)\\ &+ f(3,0)\cdot g(0-3,1-0)+f(3,1)\cdot g(0-3,1-1)+f(3,2)\cdot g(0-3,1-2)+f(3,3)\cdot g(0-3,1-3)\\ =& f(0,0)\cdot g(0-0,1-0)+f(0,1)\cdot g(0-0,1-1)\\ =& f(0,0)\cdot g(0,1)+f(0,1)\cdot g(0,0)\\ =& 1\cdot 1+2\cdot -3\\ =& -5 \end{array} \]

\[ \begin{array}{ll} &(f*g)(0,2) \\ =&\sum_{i=0}^{3}\sum_{j=0}^{3}f(i,j)\cdot g(0-i,2-j)\\ =& f(0,0)\cdot g(0-0,2-0)+f(0,1)\cdot g(0-0,2-1)+f(0,2)\cdot g(0-0,2-2)+f(0,3)\cdot g(0-0,2-3)\\ &+ f(1,0)\cdot g(0-1,2-0)+f(1,1)\cdot g(0-1,2-1)+f(1,2)\cdot g(0-1,2-2)+f(1,3)\cdot g(0-1,2-3)\\ &+ f(2,0)\cdot g(0-2,2-0)+f(2,1)\cdot g(0-2,2-1)+f(2,2)\cdot g(0-2,2-2)+f(2,3)\cdot g(0-2,2-3)\\ &+ f(3,0)\cdot g(0-3,2-0)+f(3,1)\cdot g(0-3,2-1)+f(3,2)\cdot g(0-3,2-2)+f(3,3)\cdot g(0-3,2-3)\\ =& f(0,1)\cdot g(0-0,2-1)+f(0,2)\cdot g(0-0,2-2)\\ =& f(0,1)\cdot g(0,1)+f(0,2)\cdot g(0,0)\\ =& 2\cdot 1+3\cdot -3\\ =& -7 \end{array} \]

\[ \begin{array}{ll} &(f*g)(0,3) \\ =&\sum_{i=0}^{3}\sum_{j=0}^{3}f(i,j)\cdot g(0-i,3-j)\\ =& f(0,0)\cdot g(0-0,3-0)+f(0,1)\cdot g(0-0,3-1)+f(0,2)\cdot g(0-0,3-2)+f(0,3)\cdot g(0-0,3-3)\\ &+ f(1,0)\cdot g(0-1,3-0)+f(1,1)\cdot g(0-1,3-1)+f(1,2)\cdot g(0-1,3-2)+f(1,3)\cdot g(0-1,3-3)\\ &+ f(2,0)\cdot g(0-2,3-0)+f(2,1)\cdot g(0-2,3-1)+f(2,2)\cdot g(0-2,3-2)+f(2,3)\cdot g(0-2,3-3)\\ &+ f(3,0)\cdot g(0-3,3-0)+f(3,1)\cdot g(0-3,3-1)+f(3,2)\cdot g(0-3,3-2)+f(3,3)\cdot g(0-3,3-3)\\ =& f(0,2)\cdot g(0-0,3-2)+f(0,3)\cdot g(0-0,3-3)\\ =& f(0,2)\cdot g(0,1)+f(0,3)\cdot g(0,0)\\ =& 3\cdot 1+4\cdot -3\\ =& -9 \end{array} \]

\[ \begin{array}{ll} &(f*g)(0,4) \\ =&\sum_{i=0}^{3}\sum_{j=0}^{3}f(i,j)\cdot g(0-i,4-j)\\ =& f(0,0)\cdot g(0-0,4-0)+f(0,1)\cdot g(0-0,4-1)+f(0,2)\cdot g(0-0,4-2)+f(0,3)\cdot g(0-0,4-3)\\ &+ f(1,0)\cdot g(0-1,4-0)+f(1,1)\cdot g(0-1,4-1)+f(1,2)\cdot g(0-1,4-2)+f(1,3)\cdot g(0-1,4-3)\\ &+ f(2,0)\cdot g(0-2,4-0)+f(2,1)\cdot g(0-2,4-1)+f(2,2)\cdot g(0-2,4-2)+f(2,3)\cdot g(0-2,4-3)\\ &+ f(3,0)\cdot g(0-3,4-0)+f(3,1)\cdot g(0-3,4-1)+f(3,2)\cdot g(0-3,4-2)+f(3,3)\cdot g(0-3,4-3)\\ =& f(0,3)\cdot g(0-0,4-3)\\ =& f(0,3)\cdot g(0,1)\\ =& 4\cdot 1\\ =& 4 \end{array} \]

---

\[ \begin{array}{ll} &(f*g)(1,0) \\ =&\sum_{i=0}^{3}\sum_{j=0}^{3}f(i,j)\cdot g(1-i,0-j)\\ =& f(0,0)\cdot g(1-0,0-0)+f(0,1)\cdot g(1-0,0-1)+f(0,2)\cdot g(1-0,0-2)+f(0,3)\cdot g(1-0,0-3)\\ &+ f(1,0)\cdot g(1-1,0-0)+f(1,1)\cdot g(1-1,0-1)+f(1,2)\cdot g(1-1,0-2)+f(1,3)\cdot g(1-1,0-3)\\ &+ f(2,0)\cdot g(1-2,0-0)+f(2,1)\cdot g(1-2,0-1)+f(2,2)\cdot g(1-2,0-2)+f(2,3)\cdot g(1-2,0-3)\\ &+ f(3,0)\cdot g(1-3,0-0)+f(3,1)\cdot g(1-3,0-1)+f(3,2)\cdot g(1-3,0-2)+f(3,3)\cdot g(1-3,0-3)\\ =& f(0,0)\cdot g(1-0,0-0)\\ &+ f(1,0)\cdot g(1-1,0-0)\\ =& f(0,0)\cdot g(1,0)\\ &+ f(1,0)\cdot g(0,0)\\ =& -11 \end{array} \]

\[ \begin{array}{ll} &(f*g)(1,1) \\ =&\sum_{i=0}^{3}\sum_{j=0}^{3}f(i,j)\cdot g(1-i,1-j)\\ =& f(0,0)\cdot g(1-0,1-0)+f(0,1)\cdot g(1-0,1-1)+f(0,2)\cdot g(1-0,1-2)+f(0,3)\cdot g(1-0,1-3)\\ &+ f(1,0)\cdot g(1-1,1-0)+f(1,1)\cdot g(1-1,1-1)+f(1,2)\cdot g(1-1,1-2)+f(1,3)\cdot g(1-1,1-3)\\ &+ f(2,0)\cdot g(1-2,1-0)+f(2,1)\cdot g(1-2,1-1)+f(2,2)\cdot g(1-2,1-2)+f(2,3)\cdot g(1-2,1-3)\\ &+ f(3,0)\cdot g(1-3,1-0)+f(3,1)\cdot g(1-3,1-1)+f(3,2)\cdot g(1-3,1-2)+f(3,3)\cdot g(1-3,1-3)\\ =& f(0,0)\cdot g(1-0,1-0)+f(0,1)\cdot g(1-0,1-1)\\ &+ f(1,0)\cdot g(1-1,1-0)+f(1,1)\cdot g(1-1,1-1)\\ =& f(0,0)\cdot g(1,1)+f(0,1)\cdot g(1,0)\\ &+ f(1,0)\cdot g(0,1)+f(1,1)\cdot g(0,0)\\ =& -7 \end{array} \]

\[ \begin{array}{ll} &(f*g)(1,2) \\ =&\sum_{i=0}^{3}\sum_{j=0}^{3}f(i,j)\cdot g(1-i,2-j)\\ =& f(0,0)\cdot g(1-0,2-0)+f(0,1)\cdot g(1-0,2-1)+f(0,2)\cdot g(1-0,2-2)+f(0,3)\cdot g(1-0,2-3)\\ &+ f(1,0)\cdot g(1-1,2-0)+f(1,1)\cdot g(1-1,2-1)+f(1,2)\cdot g(1-1,2-2)+f(1,3)\cdot g(1-1,2-3)\\ &+ f(2,0)\cdot g(1-2,2-0)+f(2,1)\cdot g(1-2,2-1)+f(2,2)\cdot g(1-2,2-2)+f(2,3)\cdot g(1-2,2-3)\\ &+ f(3,0)\cdot g(1-3,2-0)+f(3,1)\cdot g(1-3,2-1)+f(3,2)\cdot g(1-3,2-2)+f(3,3)\cdot g(1-3,2-3)\\ =&f(0,1)\cdot g(1-0,2-1)+f(0,2)\cdot g(1-0,2-2)\\ &+f(1,1)\cdot g(1-1,2-1)+f(1,2)\cdot g(1-1,2-2)\\ =&f(0,1)\cdot g(1,1)+f(0,2)\cdot g(1,0)\\ &+f(1,1)\cdot g(0,1)+f(1,2)\cdot g(0,0)\\ =& -7 \end{array} \]

\[ \begin{array}{ll} &(f*g)(1,3) \\ =&\sum_{i=0}^{3}\sum_{j=0}^{3}f(i,j)\cdot g(1-i,3-j)\\ =& f(0,0)\cdot g(1-0,3-0)+f(0,1)\cdot g(1-0,3-1)+f(0,2)\cdot g(1-0,3-2)+f(0,3)\cdot g(1-0,3-3)\\ &+ f(1,0)\cdot g(1-1,3-0)+f(1,1)\cdot g(1-1,3-1)+f(1,2)\cdot g(1-1,3-2)+f(1,3)\cdot g(1-1,3-3)\\ &+ f(2,0)\cdot g(1-2,3-0)+f(2,1)\cdot g(1-2,3-1)+f(2,2)\cdot g(1-2,3-2)+f(2,3)\cdot g(1-2,3-3)\\ &+ f(3,0)\cdot g(1-3,3-0)+f(3,1)\cdot g(1-3,3-1)+f(3,2)\cdot g(1-3,3-2)+f(3,3)\cdot g(1-3,3-3)\\ =&f(0,2)\cdot g(1-0,3-2)+f(0,3)\cdot g(1-0,3-3)\\ &+f(1,2)\cdot g(1-1,3-2)+f(1,3)\cdot g(1-1,3-3)\\ =&f(0,2)\cdot g(1,1)+f(0,3)\cdot g(1,0)\\ &+f(1,2)\cdot g(0,1)+f(1,3)\cdot g(0,0)\\ =& -7 \end{array} \]

\[ \begin{array}{ll} &(f*g)(1,4) \\ =&\sum_{i=0}^{3}\sum_{j=0}^{3}f(i,j)\cdot g(1-i,4-j)\\ =& f(0,0)\cdot g(1-0,4-0)+f(0,1)\cdot g(1-0,4-1)+f(0,2)\cdot g(1-0,4-2)+f(0,3)\cdot g(1-0,4-3)\\ &+ f(1,0)\cdot g(1-1,4-0)+f(1,1)\cdot g(1-1,4-1)+f(1,2)\cdot g(1-1,4-2)+f(1,3)\cdot g(1-1,4-3)\\ &+ f(2,0)\cdot g(1-2,4-0)+f(2,1)\cdot g(1-2,4-1)+f(2,2)\cdot g(1-2,4-2)+f(2,3)\cdot g(1-2,4-3)\\ &+ f(3,0)\cdot g(1-3,4-0)+f(3,1)\cdot g(1-3,4-1)+f(3,2)\cdot g(1-3,4-2)+f(3,3)\cdot g(1-3,4-3)\\ =&f(0,3)\cdot g(1-0,4-3)\\ &+f(1,3)\cdot g(1-1,4-3)\\ =&f(0,3)\cdot g(1,1)\\ &+f(1,3)\cdot g(0,1)\\ =&0 \end{array} \]

---

\[ \begin{array}{ll} &(f*g)(2,0) \\ =&\sum_{i=0}^{3}\sum_{j=0}^{3}f(i,j)\cdot g(2-i,0-j)\\ =& f(0,0)\cdot g(2-0,0-0)+f(0,1)\cdot g(2-0,0-1)+f(0,2)\cdot g(2-0,0-2)+f(0,3)\cdot g(2-0,0-3)\\ &+ f(1,0)\cdot g(2-1,0-0)+f(1,1)\cdot g(2-1,0-1)+f(1,2)\cdot g(2-1,0-2)+f(1,3)\cdot g(2-1,0-3)\\ &+ f(2,0)\cdot g(2-2,0-0)+f(2,1)\cdot g(2-2,0-1)+f(2,2)\cdot g(2-2,0-2)+f(2,3)\cdot g(2-2,0-3)\\ &+ f(3,0)\cdot g(2-3,0-0)+f(3,1)\cdot g(2-3,0-1)+f(3,2)\cdot g(2-3,0-2)+f(3,3)\cdot g(2-3,0-3)\\ =& f(1,0)\cdot g(2-1,0-0)\\ &+ f(2,0)\cdot g(2-2,0-0)\\ =& f(1,0)\cdot g(1,0)\\ &+ f(2,0)\cdot g(0,0)\\ =& -7 \end{array} \]

\[ \begin{array}{ll} &(f*g)(2,1) \\ =&\sum_{i=0}^{3}\sum_{j=0}^{3}f(i,j)\cdot g(2-i,1-j)\\ =& f(0,0)\cdot g(2-0,1-0)+f(0,1)\cdot g(2-0,1-1)+f(0,2)\cdot g(2-0,1-2)+f(0,3)\cdot g(2-0,1-3)\\ &+ f(1,0)\cdot g(2-1,1-0)+f(1,1)\cdot g(2-1,1-1)+f(1,2)\cdot g(2-1,1-2)+f(1,3)\cdot g(2-1,1-3)\\ &+ f(2,0)\cdot g(2-2,1-0)+f(2,1)\cdot g(2-2,1-1)+f(2,2)\cdot g(2-2,1-2)+f(2,3)\cdot g(2-2,1-3)\\ &+ f(3,0)\cdot g(2-3,1-0)+f(3,1)\cdot g(2-3,1-1)+f(3,2)\cdot g(2-3,1-2)+f(3,3)\cdot g(2-3,1-3)\\ =& f(1,0)\cdot g(2-1,1-0)+f(1,1)\cdot g(2-1,1-1)\\ &+ f(2,0)\cdot g(2-2,1-0)+f(2,1)\cdot g(2-2,1-1)\\ =& f(1,0)\cdot g(1,1)+f(1,1)\cdot g(1,0)\\ &+ f(2,0)\cdot g(0,1)+f(2,1)\cdot g(0,0)\\ =& -7 \end{array} \]

\[ \begin{array}{ll} &(f*g)(2,2) \\ =&\sum_{i=0}^{3}\sum_{j=0}^{3}f(i,j)\cdot g(2-i,2-j)\\ =& f(0,0)\cdot g(2-0,2-0)+f(0,1)\cdot g(2-0,2-1)+f(0,2)\cdot g(2-0,2-2)+f(0,3)\cdot g(2-0,2-3)\\ &+ f(1,0)\cdot g(2-1,2-0)+f(1,1)\cdot g(2-1,2-1)+f(1,2)\cdot g(2-1,2-2)+f(1,3)\cdot g(2-1,2-3)\\ &+ f(2,0)\cdot g(2-2,2-0)+f(2,1)\cdot g(2-2,2-1)+f(2,2)\cdot g(2-2,2-2)+f(2,3)\cdot g(2-2,2-3)\\ &+ f(3,0)\cdot g(2-3,2-0)+f(3,1)\cdot g(2-3,2-1)+f(3,2)\cdot g(2-3,2-2)+f(3,3)\cdot g(2-3,2-3)\\ =&f(1,1)\cdot g(2-1,2-1)+f(1,2)\cdot g(2-1,2-2)\\ &+f(2,1)\cdot g(2-2,2-1)+f(2,2)\cdot g(2-2,2-2)\\ =&f(1,1)\cdot g(1,1)+f(1,2)\cdot g(1,0)\\ &+f(2,1)\cdot g(0,1)+f(2,2)\cdot g(0,0)\\ =& -7 \end{array} \]

\[ \begin{array}{ll} &(f*g)(2,3) \\ =&\sum_{i=0}^{3}\sum_{j=0}^{3}f(i,j)\cdot g(2-i,3-j)\\ =& f(0,0)\cdot g(2-0,3-0)+f(0,1)\cdot g(2-0,3-1)+f(0,2)\cdot g(2-0,3-2)+f(0,3)\cdot g(2-0,3-3)\\ &+ f(1,0)\cdot g(2-1,3-0)+f(1,1)\cdot g(2-1,3-1)+f(1,2)\cdot g(2-1,3-2)+f(1,3)\cdot g(2-1,3-3)\\ &+ f(2,0)\cdot g(2-2,3-0)+f(2,1)\cdot g(2-2,3-1)+f(2,2)\cdot g(2-2,3-2)+f(2,3)\cdot g(2-2,3-3)\\ &+ f(3,0)\cdot g(2-3,3-0)+f(3,1)\cdot g(2-3,3-1)+f(3,2)\cdot g(2-3,3-2)+f(3,3)\cdot g(2-3,3-3)\\ =& f(1,2)\cdot g(2-1,3-2)+f(1,3)\cdot g(2-1,3-3)\\ &+f(2,2)\cdot g(2-2,3-2)+f(2,3)\cdot g(2-2,3-3)\\ =& f(1,2)\cdot g(1,1)+f(1,3)\cdot g(1,0)\\ &+f(2,2)\cdot g(0,1)+f(2,3)\cdot g(0,0)\\ =& -7 \end{array} \]

\[ \begin{array}{ll} &(f*g)(2,4) \\ =&\sum_{i=0}^{3}\sum_{j=0}^{3}f(i,j)\cdot g(2-i,4-j)\\ =& f(0,0)\cdot g(2-0,4-0)+f(0,1)\cdot g(2-0,4-1)+f(0,2)\cdot g(2-0,4-2)+f(0,3)\cdot g(2-0,4-3)\\ &+ f(1,0)\cdot g(2-1,4-0)+f(1,1)\cdot g(2-1,4-1)+f(1,2)\cdot g(2-1,4-2)+f(1,3)\cdot g(2-1,4-3)\\ &+ f(2,0)\cdot g(2-2,4-0)+f(2,1)\cdot g(2-2,4-1)+f(2,2)\cdot g(2-2,4-2)+f(2,3)\cdot g(2-2,4-3)\\ &+ f(3,0)\cdot g(2-3,4-0)+f(3,1)\cdot g(2-3,4-1)+f(3,2)\cdot g(2-3,4-2)+f(3,3)\cdot g(2-3,4-3)\\ =& f(1,3)\cdot g(2-1,4-3)\\ &+f(2,3)\cdot g(2-2,4-3)\\ =& f(1,3)\cdot g(1,1)\\ &+f(2,3)\cdot g(0,1)\\ =& -4 \end{array} \]

---

\[ \begin{array}{ll} &(f*g)(3,0) \\ =&\sum_{i=0}^{3}\sum_{j=0}^{3}f(i,j)\cdot g(3-i,0-j)\\ =& f(0,0)\cdot g(3-0,0-0)+f(0,1)\cdot g(3-0,0-1)+f(0,2)\cdot g(3-0,0-2)+f(0,3)\cdot g(3-0,0-3)\\ &+ f(1,0)\cdot g(3-1,0-0)+f(1,1)\cdot g(3-1,0-1)+f(1,2)\cdot g(3-1,0-2)+f(1,3)\cdot g(3-1,0-3)\\ &+ f(2,0)\cdot g(3-2,0-0)+f(2,1)\cdot g(3-2,0-1)+f(2,2)\cdot g(3-2,0-2)+f(2,3)\cdot g(3-2,0-3)\\ &+ f(3,0)\cdot g(3-3,0-0)+f(3,1)\cdot g(3-3,0-1)+f(3,2)\cdot g(3-3,0-2)+f(3,3)\cdot g(3-3,0-3)\\ =& f(2,0)\cdot g(3-2,0-0)\\ & + f(3,0)\cdot g(3-3,0-0)\\ =& f(2,0)\cdot g(1,0)\\ & + f(3,0)\cdot g(0,0)\\ = & -3 \end{array} \]

\[ \begin{array}{ll} &(f*g)(3,1) \\ =&\sum_{i=0}^{3}\sum_{j=0}^{3}f(i,j)\cdot g(3-i,1-j)\\ =& f(0,0)\cdot g(3-0,1-0)+f(0,1)\cdot g(3-0,1-1)+f(0,2)\cdot g(3-0,1-2)+f(0,3)\cdot g(3-0,1-3)\\ &+ f(1,0)\cdot g(3-1,1-0)+f(1,1)\cdot g(3-1,1-1)+f(1,2)\cdot g(3-1,1-2)+f(1,3)\cdot g(3-1,1-3)\\ &+ f(2,0)\cdot g(3-2,1-0)+f(2,1)\cdot g(3-2,1-1)+f(2,2)\cdot g(3-2,1-2)+f(2,3)\cdot g(3-2,1-3)\\ &+ f(3,0)\cdot g(3-3,1-0)+f(3,1)\cdot g(3-3,1-1)+f(3,2)\cdot g(3-3,1-2)+f(3,3)\cdot g(3-3,1-3)\\ = & f(2,0)\cdot g(3-2,1-0)+f(2,1)\cdot g(3-2,1-1)\\ & + f(3,0)\cdot g(3-3,1-0)+f(3,1)\cdot g(3-3,1-1)\\ = & f(2,0)\cdot g(1,1)+f(2,1)\cdot g(1,0)\\ & + f(3,0)\cdot g(0,1)+f(3,1)\cdot g(0,0)\\ = & -7 \end{array} \]

\[ \begin{array}{ll} &(f*g)(3,2) \\ =&\sum_{i=0}^{3}\sum_{j=0}^{3}f(i,j)\cdot g(3-i,2-j)\\ =& f(0,0)\cdot g(3-0,2-0)+f(0,1)\cdot g(3-0,2-1)+f(0,2)\cdot g(3-0,2-2)+f(0,3)\cdot g(3-0,2-3)\\ &+ f(1,0)\cdot g(3-1,2-0)+f(1,1)\cdot g(3-1,2-1)+f(1,2)\cdot g(3-1,2-2)+f(1,3)\cdot g(3-1,2-3)\\ &+ f(2,0)\cdot g(3-2,2-0)+f(2,1)\cdot g(3-2,2-1)+f(2,2)\cdot g(3-2,2-2)+f(2,3)\cdot g(3-2,2-3)\\ &+ f(3,0)\cdot g(3-3,2-0)+f(3,1)\cdot g(3-3,2-1)+f(3,2)\cdot g(3-3,2-2)+f(3,3)\cdot g(3-3,2-3)\\ =& f(2,1)\cdot g(3-2,2-1)+f(2,2)\cdot g(3-2,2-2)\\ & +f(3,1)\cdot g(3-3,2-1)+f(3,2)\cdot g(3-3,2-2)\\ =& f(2,1)\cdot g(1,1)+f(2,2)\cdot g(1,0)\\ & +f(3,1)\cdot g(0,1)+f(3,2)\cdot g(0,0)\\ = & -7 \end{array} \]

\[ \begin{array}{ll} &(f*g)(3,3) \\ =&\sum_{i=0}^{3}\sum_{j=0}^{3}f(i,j)\cdot g(3-i,3-j)\\ =& f(0,0)\cdot g(3-0,3-0)+f(0,1)\cdot g(3-0,3-1)+f(0,2)\cdot g(3-0,3-2)+f(0,3)\cdot g(3-0,3-3)\\ &+ f(1,0)\cdot g(3-1,3-0)+f(1,1)\cdot g(3-1,3-1)+f(1,2)\cdot g(3-1,3-2)+f(1,3)\cdot g(3-1,3-3)\\ &+ f(2,0)\cdot g(3-2,3-0)+f(2,1)\cdot g(3-2,3-1)+f(2,2)\cdot g(3-2,3-2)+f(2,3)\cdot g(3-2,3-3)\\ &+ f(3,0)\cdot g(3-3,3-0)+f(3,1)\cdot g(3-3,3-1)+f(3,2)\cdot g(3-3,3-2)+f(3,3)\cdot g(3-3,3-3)\\ = & f(2,2)\cdot g(3-2,3-2)+f(2,3)\cdot g(3-2,3-3)\\ &+f(3,2)\cdot g(3-3,3-2)+f(3,3)\cdot g(3-3,3-3)\\ = & f(2,2)\cdot g(1,1)+f(2,3)\cdot g(1,0)\\ &+f(3,2)\cdot g(0,1)+f(3,3)\cdot g(0,0)\\ = & -7 \end{array} \]

\[ \begin{array}{ll} &(f*g)(3,4) \\ =&\sum_{i=0}^{3}\sum_{j=0}^{3}f(i,j)\cdot g(3-i,4-j)\\ =& f(0,0)\cdot g(3-0,4-0)+f(0,1)\cdot g(3-0,4-1)+f(0,2)\cdot g(3-0,4-2)+f(0,3)\cdot g(3-0,4-3)\\ &+ f(1,0)\cdot g(3-1,4-0)+f(1,1)\cdot g(3-1,4-1)+f(1,2)\cdot g(3-1,4-2)+f(1,3)\cdot g(3-1,4-3)\\ &+ f(2,0)\cdot g(3-2,4-0)+f(2,1)\cdot g(3-2,4-1)+f(2,2)\cdot g(3-2,4-2)+f(2,3)\cdot g(3-2,4-3)\\ &+ f(3,0)\cdot g(3-3,4-0)+f(3,1)\cdot g(3-3,4-1)+f(3,2)\cdot g(3-3,4-2)+f(3,3)\cdot g(3-3,4-3)\\ = & f(2,3)\cdot g(3-2,4-3)\\ & +f(3,3)\cdot g(3-3,4-3)\\ = & f(2,3)\cdot g(1,1)\\ & +f(3,3)\cdot g(0,1)\\ = & -8 \end{array} \]

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\[ \begin{array}{ll} &(f*g)(4,0) \\ =&\sum_{i=0}^{3}\sum_{j=0}^{3}f(i,j)\cdot g(4-i,0-j)\\ =& f(0,0)\cdot g(4-0,0-0)+f(0,1)\cdot g(4-0,0-1)+f(0,2)\cdot g(4-0,0-2)+f(0,3)\cdot g(4-0,0-3)\\ &+ f(1,0)\cdot g(4-1,0-0)+f(1,1)\cdot g(4-1,0-1)+f(1,2)\cdot g(4-1,0-2)+f(1,3)\cdot g(4-1,0-3)\\ &+ f(2,0)\cdot g(4-2,0-0)+f(2,1)\cdot g(4-2,0-1)+f(2,2)\cdot g(4-2,0-2)+f(2,3)\cdot g(4-2,0-3)\\ &+ f(3,0)\cdot g(4-3,0-0)+f(3,1)\cdot g(4-3,0-1)+f(3,2)\cdot g(4-3,0-2)+f(3,3)\cdot g(4-3,0-3)\\ =&f(3,0)\cdot g(4-3,0-0)\\ =&f(3,0)\cdot g(1,0)\\ = & 52 \end{array} \]

\[ \begin{array}{ll} &(f*g)(4,1) \\ =&\sum_{i=0}^{3}\sum_{j=0}^{3}f(i,j)\cdot g(4-i,1-j)\\ =& f(0,0)\cdot g(4-0,1-0)+f(0,1)\cdot g(4-0,1-1)+f(0,2)\cdot g(4-0,1-2)+f(0,3)\cdot g(4-0,1-3)\\ &+ f(1,0)\cdot g(4-1,1-0)+f(1,1)\cdot g(4-1,1-1)+f(1,2)\cdot g(4-1,1-2)+f(1,3)\cdot g(4-1,1-3)\\ &+ f(2,0)\cdot g(4-2,1-0)+f(2,1)\cdot g(4-2,1-1)+f(2,2)\cdot g(4-2,1-2)+f(2,3)\cdot g(4-2,1-3)\\ &+ f(3,0)\cdot g(4-3,1-0)+f(3,1)\cdot g(4-3,1-1)+f(3,2)\cdot g(4-3,1-2)+f(3,3)\cdot g(4-3,1-3)\\ = & f(3,0)\cdot g(4-3,1-0)+f(3,1)\cdot g(4-3,1-1)\\ = & f(3,0)\cdot g(1,1)+f(3,1)\cdot g(1,0)\\ = & 30 \end{array} \]

\[ \begin{array}{ll} &(f*g)(4,2) \\ =&\sum_{i=0}^{3}\sum_{j=0}^{3}f(i,j)\cdot g(4-i,2-j)\\ =& f(0,0)\cdot g(4-0,2-0)+f(0,1)\cdot g(4-0,2-1)+f(0,2)\cdot g(4-0,2-2)+f(0,3)\cdot g(4-0,2-3)\\ &+ f(1,0)\cdot g(4-1,2-0)+f(1,1)\cdot g(4-1,2-1)+f(1,2)\cdot g(4-1,2-2)+f(1,3)\cdot g(4-1,2-3)\\ &+ f(2,0)\cdot g(4-2,2-0)+f(2,1)\cdot g(4-2,2-1)+f(2,2)\cdot g(4-2,2-2)+f(2,3)\cdot g(4-2,2-3)\\ &+ f(3,0)\cdot g(4-3,2-0)+f(3,1)\cdot g(4-3,2-1)+f(3,2)\cdot g(4-3,2-2)+f(3,3)\cdot g(4-3,2-3)\\ = & f(3,1)\cdot g(4-3,2-1)+f(3,2)\cdot g(4-3,2-2)\\ = & f(3,1)\cdot g(1,1)+f(3,2)\cdot g(1,0)\\ = & 32 \end{array} \]

\[ \begin{array}{ll} &(f*g)(4,3) \\ =&\sum_{i=0}^{3}\sum_{j=0}^{3}f(i,j)\cdot g(4-i,3-j)\\ =& f(0,0)\cdot g(4-0,3-0)+f(0,1)\cdot g(4-0,3-1)+f(0,2)\cdot g(4-0,3-2)+f(0,3)\cdot g(4-0,3-3)\\ &+ f(1,0)\cdot g(4-1,3-0)+f(1,1)\cdot g(4-1,3-1)+f(1,2)\cdot g(4-1,3-2)+f(1,3)\cdot g(4-1,3-3)\\ &+ f(2,0)\cdot g(4-2,3-0)+f(2,1)\cdot g(4-2,3-1)+f(2,2)\cdot g(4-2,3-2)+f(2,3)\cdot g(4-2,3-3)\\ &+ f(3,0)\cdot g(4-3,3-0)+f(3,1)\cdot g(4-3,3-1)+f(3,2)\cdot g(4-3,3-2)+f(3,3)\cdot g(4-3,3-3)\\ = & f(3,2)\cdot g(4-3,3-2)+f(3,3)\cdot g(4-3,3-3)\\ = & f(3,2)\cdot g(1,1)+f(3,3)\cdot g(1,0)\\ = & 34 \end{array} \]

\[ \begin{array}{ll} &(f*g)(4,4) \\ =&\sum_{i=0}^{3}\sum_{j=0}^{3}f(i,j)\cdot g(4-i,4-j)\\ =& f(0,0)\cdot g(4-0,4-0)+f(0,1)\cdot g(4-0,4-1)+f(0,2)\cdot g(4-0,4-2)+f(0,3)\cdot g(4-0,4-3)\\ &+ f(1,0)\cdot g(4-1,4-0)+f(1,1)\cdot g(4-1,4-1)+f(1,2)\cdot g(4-1,4-2)+f(1,3)\cdot g(4-1,4-3)\\ &+ f(2,0)\cdot g(4-2,4-0)+f(2,1)\cdot g(4-2,4-1)+f(2,2)\cdot g(4-2,4-2)+f(2,3)\cdot g(4-2,4-3)\\ &+ f(3,0)\cdot g(4-3,4-0)+f(3,1)\cdot g(4-3,4-1)+f(3,2)\cdot g(4-3,4-2)+f(3,3)\cdot g(4-3,4-3)\\ = & f(3,3)\cdot g(4-3,4-3)\\ = & f(3,3)\cdot g(1,1)\\ = & -32 \end{array} \]

从上面的计算机过程，我们可以得到一个计算规则（考虑由于不在f的支撑集上而抵消掉的g的相关项）

在上面的公式中观察可以看到
\[ \begin{array}{l} ?\cdot g(1,1)+?\cdot g(1,0)+\\ ?\cdot g(0,1)+?\cdot g(0,0)\\ \end{array} \]

即，始终有f中元素与一个如下的矩阵的Hadamard乘积
\[\left[ \begin{array}{ll} g(1,1) & g(1,0)\\ g(0,1) & g(0,0)\\ \end{array} \right] \]

而上面矩阵实际上就是g矩阵的180度翻转.

通过数学归纳法，容易得到更加一般化的结论.

方法二 (程序实现更便捷，卷积的数学直观性没有方法一好)

先将 g 进行180度翻转，具体为先左右翻转，然后再上下翻转，得到
\[ g=\left[\begin{array}{rr} -3 & 1 \\ 4 & -2 \end{array}\right]\overset{Left\, and\, Right}{=} \left[\begin{array}{rr} 1 & -3 \\ -2 & 4 \end{array}\right]\overset{Top\, and\, Bottom}{=} \left[\begin{array}{rr} -2 & 4 \\ 1 & -3 \end{array}\right]= g_{180} \]

然后用\(g_{180}\)去横扫\(f\).

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Python 简单计算如下

import numpy as np
from scipy import signal

f = (np.arange(16).reshape((4,4))+1)
g = np.array([[-3,1],[4,-2]],np.float32)
fg = signal.convolve2d(f,g,mode="full")

计算结果为

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/xinxingwu/p/11220068.html