DirectX 基础学习系列5 纹理映射

1 纹理坐标

类似BMP图像坐标系，左上为原点

纹理坐标为了规范化，范围限定在[0,1]之间，使用纹理的时候，需要修改顶点结构

struct ColorVetex

{

    float x, y,z;

    float _nx,_ny,_nz ;

    float _u,_y ;

    static const DWORD FVF;

}

const DWORD ColorVetex::FVF = D3DFVF_XYZ | D3DFVF_NORMAL|D3DFVF_TEX1;

2创建并启用纹理

从文件中加载纹理数据

HRESULT D3DXCreateTextureFromFile( LPDIRECT3DDEVICE9 pDevice, LPCTSTR pSrcFile, LPDIRECT3DTEXTURE9 * ppTexture );

从内存中加载

HRESULT D3DXCreateTextureFromFileInMemory( LPDIRECT3DDEVICE9 pDevice, LPCVOID pSrcData, UINT SrcDataSize, LPDIRECT3DTEXTURE9 * ppTexture);

从资源加载

HRESULT D3DXCreateTextureFromResource( LPDIRECT3DDEVICE9 pDevice, HMODULE hSrcModule, LPCTSTR pSrcResource, LPDIRECT3DTEXTURE9 * ppTexture);

设置问题。，DX最多可以设置8层纹理，从而组合得到更细致的图片

SetTexture(0,&_stonewall);

禁用纹理

SetTexture(0,0);

3 纹理过滤器

纹理三角形和屏幕三角形大小不适合的时候，通过这项技术，让二者适应

DX提供三种纹理过滤器：

最近点采样：默认情况，速度快，效果差

setsamplerstate(0,D3DSAMP_MAGFILTER,D3DTEXT_POINT);

setsamplerstate(0,D3DSAMP_MINFILTER,D3DTEXT_POINT);

线性纹理过滤器：线性插值，可以分为 放大和缩小

SetSamplerState(0,D3DSAMP_MAGFILTER,D3DTEXT_LINEAR);

SetSamplerState(0,D3DSAMP_MINFILTER,D3DTEXT_LINEAR);

各向异性纹理过滤器：多线条采样技术，

setsamplerstate(0,D3DSAMP_MAGFILTER,D3DTEXT_ANISOTROPIC);

setsamplerstate(0,D3DSAMP_MINFILTER, D3DTEXT_ANISOTROPIC);

使用anisotropic filter时，需要对D3DSAMP_MAXANISOTROPIC 水平进行设置

4 多级渐进纹理

消除纹理和三角尺寸不一致的问题，创建多级渐进纹理，

多级渐进纹理过滤器：

Device->SetSamplerState(0,D3D_MIPFILTER,flag);

flag:D3DTEXT_NONE  ：不适用

D3DTEXF_POINT 选族最近接的一级纹理，选择后使用指定的纹理过滤器进行处理 D3DTEXF_LINEAR 选择最近的两极纹理，用指定纹理过滤器过滤后，再对两极纹理进行线性融合

使用多级渐进纹理之后 DX会自动选用合适的尺寸纹理

5 寻址模式 ：处理纹理坐标超过[0,1]范围的问题

有四种扩展模式：

重复寻址模式

Device->SetSamplerState(0,D3DSAMP_ADDRESSU,D3DTADDRESS_WRAP);

Device->SetSamplerState(0, D3DSAMP_ADDRESSV, D3DTADDRESS_WRAP);

边界颜色模式

Device->SetSamplerState(0,D3DSAMP_ADDRESSU,D3DTADDRESS_BORDER);

Device->SetSamplerState(0, D3DSAMP_ADDRESSV, D3DTADDRESS_BORDER);

Device->SetSamplerState(0, D3DSAMP_BORDERCOLOR,0x000000FF);

嵌位寻址模式

Device->SetSamplerState(0,D3DSAMP_ADDRESSU,D3DTADDRESS_CLAMP);

Device->SetSamplerState(0, D3DSAMP_ADDRESSV, D3DTADDRESS_CLAMP);

镜像寻址模式

Device->SetSamplerState(0,D3DSAMP_ADDRESSU,D3DTADDRESS_MIRROR);

Device->SetSamplerState(0, D3DSAMP_ADDRESSV, D3DTADDRESS_MIRROR);

6纹理映射的过程

（1）构建具有纹理坐标的顶点

（2）读取纹理数据

（3）设置 缩小 放大过滤器，多级渐进纹理过滤器

（4）将纹理与物体关

 

下列代码为《directx9.0c游戏开发基础教程》第六章的代码：配合光源 纹理 ，物理的旋转采用更改观察者视角

#include "d3dUtility.h"

#include "cube.h"

#include "vertex.h"

//

// Globals

//

IDirect3DDevice9*     Device = 0; 

const int Width  = 640;

const int Height = 480;

Cube*              Box = 0;

IDirect3DTexture9* Tex = 0;

//

// Framework Functions

//

bool Setup()

{

    //

    // Create the cube.

    //

    Box = new Cube(Device);

    //

    // Set a directional light.

    //

    D3DLIGHT9 light;

    ::ZeroMemory(&light, sizeof(light));

    light.Type      = D3DLIGHT_DIRECTIONAL;

    light.Ambient   = D3DXCOLOR(0.1f, 0.8f, 0.8f, 1.0f);

    light.Diffuse   = D3DXCOLOR(0.9f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);

    light.Specular  = D3DXCOLOR(0.0f, 0.2f, 1.0f, 1.0f);

    light.Direction = D3DXVECTOR3(1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);

    Device->SetLight(0, &light);

    Device->LightEnable(0, true);

    Device->SetRenderState(D3DRS_NORMALIZENORMALS, true);

    Device->SetRenderState(D3DRS_SPECULARENABLE, true);

    //

    // Create texture.

    //

    D3DXCreateTextureFromFile(

        Device,

        "crate.jpg",

        &Tex);

    // 

    // Set Texture Filter States.

    //

    Device->SetSamplerState(0, D3DSAMP_MAGFILTER, D3DTEXF_LINEAR);

    Device->SetSamplerState(0, D3DSAMP_MINFILTER, D3DTEXF_LINEAR);

    Device->SetSamplerState(0, D3DSAMP_MIPFILTER, D3DTEXF_LINEAR);

    //

    // Set the projection matrix.

    //

    D3DXMATRIX proj;

    D3DXMatrixPerspectiveFovLH(

            &proj,

            D3DX_PI * 0.5f, // 90 - degree

            (float)Width / (float)Height,

            1.0f,

            1000.0f);

    Device->SetTransform(D3DTS_PROJECTION, &proj);

    return true;

}

void Cleanup()

{

    d3d::Delete<Cube*>(Box);

    d3d::Release<IDirect3DTexture9*>(Tex);

}

bool Display(float timeDelta)

{

    if( Device )

    {

        // 

        // Update the scene: update camera position.

        //

        static float angle  = (3.0f * D3DX_PI) / 2.0f;

        static float height = 2.0f;

        if( ::GetAsyncKeyState(VK_LEFT) & 0x8000f )

            angle -= 0.5f * timeDelta;

        if( ::GetAsyncKeyState(VK_RIGHT) & 0x8000f )

            angle += 0.5f * timeDelta;

        if( ::GetAsyncKeyState(VK_UP) & 0x8000f )

            height += 5.0f * timeDelta;

        if( ::GetAsyncKeyState(VK_DOWN) & 0x8000f )

            height -= 5.0f * timeDelta;

        D3DXVECTOR3 position( cosf(angle) * 3.0f, height, sinf(angle) * 3.0f );

        D3DXVECTOR3 target(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);

        D3DXVECTOR3 up(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f);

        D3DXMATRIX V;

        D3DXMatrixLookAtLH(&V, &position, &target, &up);

        Device->SetTransform(D3DTS_VIEW, &V);

        //

        // Draw the scene:

        //

        Device->Clear(0, 0, D3DCLEAR_TARGET | D3DCLEAR_ZBUFFER, 0xffffffff, 1.0f, 0);

        Device->BeginScene();

        Device->SetMaterial(&d3d::RED_MTRL);

        Device->SetTexture(0, Tex);

        Box->draw(0, 0, 0);

        Device->EndScene();

        Device->Present(0, 0, 0, 0);

    }

    return true;

}

//

// WndProc

//

LRESULT CALLBACK d3d::WndProc(HWND hwnd, UINT msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)

{

    switch( msg )

    {

    case WM_DESTROY:

        ::PostQuitMessage(0);

        break;

    case WM_KEYDOWN:

        if( wParam == VK_ESCAPE )

            ::DestroyWindow(hwnd);

        break;

    }

    return ::DefWindowProc(hwnd, msg, wParam, lParam);

}

//

// WinMain

//

int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hinstance,

                   HINSTANCE prevInstance, 

                   PSTR cmdLine,

                   int showCmd)

{

    if(!d3d::InitD3D(hinstance,

        Width, Height, true, D3DDEVTYPE_HAL, &Device))

    {

        ::MessageBox(0, "InitD3D() - FAILED", 0, 0);

        return 0;

    }

    if(!Setup())

    {

        ::MessageBox(0, "Setup() - FAILED", 0, 0);

        return 0;

    }

    d3d::EnterMsgLoop( Display );

    Cleanup();

    Device->Release();

    return 0;

}