1、基类和派生类的定义
派生类是基类的继承
例如:
下面定义了一个基类 base_class1 和一个派生类 deived_class
#pragma once
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
//基类,包括一个public成员price,一个protected成员discount
class base_class1
{
public:
base_class1(double price_)
{
price = price_;
}
~base_class1() = default;
double show_price()
{
return price*discount;
}
double price = 0;
protected:
double discount = 1;
};
//派生类
class deived_class :public base_class1
{
public:
deived_class(double price_) :base_class1(price_){};//派生类的构造需要用到基类的构造函数
void over_discount(double discount_)
{
discount = discount_;
}
void output()//显示派生类的值
{
cout << discount << endl;
cout << price << endl;
}
};
那么创建派生类程序 如下:
base_class1 base(90.0);
cout << base.show_price() << endl;
deived_class deived(80.0);
deived.output();
deived.over_discount(0.8);
deived.output();
cout << base.show_price() << endl;// 输出基类的price, 等于价格乘以折扣
运行结果如下:
90 //基类的price
1 //派生类的
80
0.8
80
90 //基类的discount并未被改变
2、虚函数
在定义基类的时候常常会定义虚函数,派生类能够对虚函数进行覆盖
例如:
class base_class2
{
public:
base_class2(double num_) :num(num_) {};
virtual void test()
{
cout << "num=" << num << endl;
}
double num = 1;
};
class derived_class2 :public base_class2
{public:
derived_class2(double num_):base_class2(num_) {};
void test() override //覆盖虚函数的标记,如果没有覆盖就会报错
{
cout << "虚函数被覆盖,输出:num*2=" << num * 2 << endl;
} ;
};
程序调用:
base_class2 base2(20);
derived_class2 deived2(30);
cout << "基类:" << endl;
base2.test();
cout << "派生类" << endl;
deived2.test();
getchar();
结果:
基类:
num=20
派生类
虚函数被覆盖,输出:num*2=60