Solver
src/caffe/solver.cpp
Init
template <typename Dtype>
void Solver<Dtype>::Init(const SolverParameter& param) {
LOG_IF(INFO, Caffe::root_solver()) << "Initializing solver from parameters: "
<< std::endl << param.DebugString();
param_ = param;
CHECK_GE(param_.average_loss(), 1) << "average_loss should be non-negative.";
CheckSnapshotWritePermissions();
if (param_.random_seed() >= 0) {
Caffe::set_random_seed(param_.random_seed() + Caffe::solver_rank());
}
// Scaffolding code
InitTrainNet();
InitTestNets();
if (Caffe::root_solver()) {
LOG(INFO) << "Solver scaffolding done.";
}
iter_ = 0;
current_step_ = 0;
}
InitTrainNet
template <typename Dtype>
void Solver<Dtype>::InitTrainNet() {
const int num_train_nets = param_.has_net() + param_.has_net_param() +
param_.has_train_net() + param_.has_train_net_param();
const string& field_names = "net, net_param, train_net, train_net_param";
CHECK_GE(num_train_nets, 1) << "SolverParameter must specify a train net "
<< "using one of these fields: " << field_names;
CHECK_LE(num_train_nets, 1) << "SolverParameter must not contain more than "
<< "one of these fields specifying a train_net: " << field_names;
NetParameter net_param;
if (param_.has_train_net_param()) {
LOG_IF(INFO, Caffe::root_solver())
<< "Creating training net specified in train_net_param.";
net_param.CopyFrom(param_.train_net_param());
} else if (param_.has_train_net()) {
LOG_IF(INFO, Caffe::root_solver())
<< "Creating training net from train_net file: " << param_.train_net();
ReadNetParamsFromTextFileOrDie(param_.train_net(), &net_param);
}
if (param_.has_net_param()) {
LOG_IF(INFO, Caffe::root_solver())
<< "Creating training net specified in net_param.";
net_param.CopyFrom(param_.net_param());
}
if (param_.has_net()) {
LOG_IF(INFO, Caffe::root_solver())
<< "Creating training net from net file: " << param_.net();
ReadNetParamsFromTextFileOrDie(param_.net(), &net_param);
}
// Set the correct NetState. We start with the solver defaults (lowest
// precedence); then, merge in any NetState specified by the net_param itself;
// finally, merge in any NetState specified by the train_state (highest
// precedence).
NetState net_state;
net_state.set_phase(TRAIN);
net_state.MergeFrom(net_param.state());
net_state.MergeFrom(param_.train_state());
net_param.mutable_state()->CopyFrom(net_state);
net_.reset(new Net<Dtype>(net_param));
}
InitTestNets
和InitTrainNet 大致相同,因为test net可能有多个,因而需要对所有的nets都进行初始化,
<h5 id='3.6.4'> Test </h5>
template <typename Dtype>
void Solver<Dtype>::Test(const int test_net_id) {
CHECK(Caffe::root_solver());
LOG(INFO) << "Iteration " << iter_
<< ", Testing net (#" << test_net_id << ")";
CHECK_NOTNULL(test_nets_[test_net_id].get())->
ShareTrainedLayersWith(net_.get());
vector<Dtype> test_score;
vector<int> test_score_output_id;
const shared_ptr<Net<Dtype> >& test_net = test_nets_[test_net_id]; // 第test_net_id个test net
Dtype loss = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < param_.test_iter(test_net_id); ++i) { // 循环一次test网络
SolverAction::Enum request = GetRequestedAction();
// Check to see if stoppage of testing/training has been requested.
while (request != SolverAction::NONE) {
if (SolverAction::SNAPSHOT == request) {
Snapshot();
} else if (SolverAction::STOP == request) {
requested_early_exit_ = true;
}
request = GetRequestedAction();
}
if (requested_early_exit_) {
// break out of test loop.
break;
}
Dtype iter_loss;
const vector<Blob<Dtype>*>& result = test_net->Forward(&iter_loss); // 计算网络的输出和损失
if (param_.test_compute_loss()) {
loss += iter_loss; // 叠加loss
}
if (i == 0) {
for (int j = 0; j < result.size(); ++j) {
const Dtype* result_vec = result[j]->cpu_data();
for (int k = 0; k < result[j]->count(); ++k) {
test_score.push_back(result_vec[k]);
test_score_output_id.push_back(j); // 把每个output_blob的输出结果和id 记录下来
}
}
} else {
int idx = 0;
for (int j = 0; j < result.size(); ++j) {
const Dtype* result_vec = result[j]->cpu_data();
for (int k = 0; k < result[j]->count(); ++k) {
test_score[idx++] += result_vec[k]; // 如果不是第一次大循环,那么就叠加所有的test_score
}
}
}
}
if (requested_early_exit_) {
LOG(INFO) << "Test interrupted.";
return;
}
if (param_.test_compute_loss()) {
loss /= param_.test_iter(test_net_id); // 平均loss
LOG(INFO) << "Test loss: " << loss;
}
for (int i = 0; i < test_score.size(); ++i) {
const int output_blob_index =
test_net->output_blob_indices()[test_score_output_id[i]];
const string& output_name = test_net->blob_names()[output_blob_index];
const Dtype loss_weight = test_net->blob_loss_weights()[output_blob_index]; //
ostringstream loss_msg_stream;
const Dtype mean_score = test_score[i] / param_.test_iter(test_net_id); // 平均分数
if (loss_weight) {
loss_msg_stream << " (* " << loss_weight
<< " = " << loss_weight * mean_score << " loss)";
}
LOG(INFO) << " Test net output #" << i << ": " << output_name << " = "
<< mean_score << loss_msg_stream.str();
}
}
UpdateSmoothedLoss
把loss平滑掉,
template <typename Dtype>
void Solver<Dtype>::UpdateSmoothedLoss(Dtype loss, int start_iter,
int average_loss) {
if (losses_.size() < average_loss) {
losses_.push_back(loss);
int size = losses_.size();
smoothed_loss_ = (smoothed_loss_ * (size - 1) + loss) / size; // 赤果果的求平均值
} else {
int idx = (iter_ - start_iter) % average_loss;
smoothed_loss_ += (loss - losses_[idx]) / average_loss; // 把变化平滑掉
losses_[idx] = loss;
}
}
Step
在每个阶段(这里的阶段是指train或者validation或者test)进行forward和backward
template <typename Dtype>
void Solver<Dtype>::Step(int iters) {
const int start_iter = iter_;
const int stop_iter = iter_ + iters;
int average_loss = this->param_.average_loss(); // loss 的平滑缓冲区
losses_.clear();
smoothed_loss_ = 0; // 平滑缓冲区输出的平均值
iteration_timer_.Start();
while (iter_ < stop_iter) {
// zero-init the params
net_->ClearParamDiffs();
if (param_.test_interval() && iter_ % param_.test_interval() == 0
&& (iter_ > 0 || param_.test_initialization())) { // 满足所有符合test的条件,开始test
if (Caffe::root_solver()) {
TestAll();
}
if (requested_early_exit_) {
// Break out of the while loop because stop was requested while testing.
break;
}
}
for (int i = 0; i < callbacks_.size(); ++i) {
callbacks_[i]->on_start();
}
const bool display = param_.display() && iter_ % param_.display() == 0;
net_->set_debug_info(display && param_.debug_info());
// accumulate the loss and gradient
Dtype loss = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < param_.iter_size(); ++i) {
loss += net_->ForwardBackward();
}
loss /= param_.iter_size();
// average the loss across iterations for smoothed reporting
UpdateSmoothedLoss(loss, start_iter, average_loss);
if (display) {
float lapse = iteration_timer_.Seconds();
float per_s = (iter_ - iterations_last_) / (lapse ? lapse : 1);
LOG_IF(INFO, Caffe::root_solver()) << "Iteration " << iter_
<< " (" << per_s << " iter/s, " << lapse << "s/"
<< param_.display() << " iters), loss = " << smoothed_loss_;
iteration_timer_.Start();
iterations_last_ = iter_;
const vector<Blob<Dtype>*>& result = net_->output_blobs();
int score_index = 0;
for (int j = 0; j < result.size(); ++j) {
const Dtype* result_vec = result[j]->cpu_data();
const string& output_name =
net_->blob_names()[net_->output_blob_indices()[j]];
const Dtype loss_weight =
net_->blob_loss_weights()[net_->output_blob_indices()[j]];
for (int k = 0; k < result[j]->count(); ++k) {
ostringstream loss_msg_stream;
if (loss_weight) {
loss_msg_stream << " (* " << loss_weight
<< " = " << loss_weight * result_vec[k] << " loss)";
}
LOG_IF(INFO, Caffe::root_solver()) << " Train net output #"
<< score_index++ << ": " << output_name << " = "
<< result_vec[k] << loss_msg_stream.str();
}
}
}
for (int i = 0; i < callbacks_.size(); ++i) {
callbacks_[i]->on_gradients_ready();
}
ApplyUpdate();
// Increment the internal iter_ counter -- its value should always indicate
// the number of times the weights have been updated.
++iter_;
SolverAction::Enum request = GetRequestedAction();
// Save a snapshot if needed.
if ((param_.snapshot()
&& iter_ % param_.snapshot() == 0
&& Caffe::root_solver()) ||
(request == SolverAction::SNAPSHOT)) {
Snapshot();
}
if (SolverAction::STOP == request) {
requested_early_exit_ = true;
// Break out of training loop.
break;
}
}
}
Solve
初始化完成之后就会调用Solve函数,进而调用Step函数完成训练,
template <typename Dtype>
void Solver<Dtype>::Solve(const char* resume_file) {
CHECK(Caffe::root_solver());
LOG(INFO) << "Solving " << net_->name();
LOG(INFO) << "Learning Rate Policy: " << param_.lr_policy();
//任何时候开始求解,初始化失败
requested_early_exit_ = false;
if (resume_file) {
LOG(INFO) << "Restoring previous solver status from " << resume_file;
Restore(resume_file);
}
// For a network that is trained by the solver, no bottom or top vecs
// should be given, and we will just provide dummy vecs.
//对于一个正在训练的网络,没有bottom或top向量被给,而且仅仅提供dummy vecs
int start_iter = iter_;
Step(param_.max_iter() - iter_);
// If we haven't already, save a snapshot after optimization, unless
// overridden by setting snapshot_after_train := false
if (param_.snapshot_after_train()
&& (!param_.snapshot() || iter_ % param_.snapshot() != 0)) {
Snapshot();
}
if (requested_early_exit_) {
LOG(INFO) << "Optimization stopped early.";
return;
}
//在优化完后,运行一个额外的训练和测试过程展示训练测试的loss或者输出。
if (param_.display() && iter_ % param_.display() == 0) {
int average_loss = this->param_.average_loss();
Dtype loss;
net_->Forward(&loss);
UpdateSmoothedLoss(loss, start_iter, average_loss);
LOG(INFO) << "Iteration " << iter_ << ", loss = " << smoothed_loss_;
}
if (param_.test_interval() && iter_ % param_.test_interval() == 0) {
TestAll();
}
LOG(INFO) << "Optimization Done.";
}
sgdSolver
ClipGradients
修正gradient, 如果所有diff的l2_norm 比clip_gradients 大,则所有的diff都缩小 clip_gradients/l2_norm_diff倍
template <typename Dtype>
void SGDSolver<Dtype>::ClipGradients() {
const Dtype clip_gradients = this->param_.clip_gradients();
if (clip_gradients < 0) { return; }
const vector<Blob<Dtype>*>& net_params = this->net_->learnable_params();
Dtype sumsq_diff = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < net_params.size(); ++i) {
sumsq_diff += net_params[i]->sumsq_diff();
}
const Dtype l2norm_diff = std::sqrt(sumsq_diff);
if (l2norm_diff > clip_gradients) {
Dtype scale_factor = clip_gradients / l2norm_diff;
LOG(INFO) << "Gradient clipping: scaling down gradients (L2 norm "
<< l2norm_diff << " > " << clip_gradients << ") "
<< "by scale factor " << scale_factor;
for (int i = 0; i < net_params.size(); ++i) {
net_params[i]->scale_diff(scale_factor);
}
}
}
Normalize
归一化,其实就是把循环iter_size_次之后的diff除以iter_size_
template <typename Dtype>
void SGDSolver<Dtype>::Normalize(int param_id) {
if (this->param_.iter_size() == 1) { return; }
// Scale gradient to counterbalance accumulation.
const vector<Blob<Dtype>*>& net_params = this->net_->learnable_params();
const Dtype accum_normalization = Dtype(1.) / this->param_.iter_size();
switch (Caffe::mode()) {
case Caffe::CPU: {
caffe_scal(net_params[param_id]->count(), accum_normalization,
net_params[param_id]->mutable_cpu_diff());
break;
}
case Caffe::GPU: {
#ifndef CPU_ONLY
caffe_gpu_scal(net_params[param_id]->count(), accum_normalization,
net_params[param_id]->mutable_gpu_diff());
#else
NO_GPU;
#endif
break;
}
default:
LOG(FATAL) << "Unknown caffe mode: " << Caffe::mode();
}
}
Regularize
正则化,分为L2和L1,这里只列举cpu模式
template <typename Dtype>
void SGDSolver<Dtype>::Regularize(int param_id) {
const vector<Blob<Dtype>*>& net_params = this->net_->learnable_params();
const vector<float>& net_params_weight_decay =
this->net_->params_weight_decay();
Dtype weight_decay = this->param_.weight_decay();
string regularization_type = this->param_.regularization_type();
Dtype local_decay = weight_decay * net_params_weight_decay[param_id];
switch (Caffe::mode()) {
case Caffe::CPU: {
if (local_decay) {
if (regularization_type == "L2") {
// add weight decay
caffe_axpy(net_params[param_id]->count(),
local_decay,
net_params[param_id]->cpu_data(),
net_params[param_id]->mutable_cpu_diff()); // diff = diff + λ*l_r*w(L2求导)
} else if (regularization_type == "L1") {
caffe_cpu_sign(net_params[param_id]->count(),
net_params[param_id]->cpu_data(),
temp_[param_id]->mutable_cpu_data());
caffe_axpy(net_params[param_id]->count(),
local_decay,
temp_[param_id]->cpu_data(),
net_params[param_id]->mutable_cpu_diff()); // diff = diff + λ* l_r* |w| (L1求导)
} else {
LOG(FATAL) << "Unknown regularization type: " << regularization_type;
}
}
break;
}
ComputeUpdateValue
更新参数,把更新过后的参数在history_中备份,而后把history_中的参数拷贝到netparam中
template <typename Dtype>
void SGDSolver<Dtype>::ComputeUpdateValue(int param_id, Dtype rate) {
const vector<Blob<Dtype>*>& net_params = this->net_->learnable_params();
const vector<float>& net_params_lr = this->net_->params_lr();
Dtype momentum = this->param_.momentum();
Dtype local_rate = rate * net_params_lr[param_id];
// Compute the update to history, then copy it to the parameter diff.
switch (Caffe::mode()) {
case Caffe::CPU: {
caffe_cpu_axpby(net_params[param_id]->count(), local_rate,
net_params[param_id]->cpu_diff(), momentum,
history_[param_id]->mutable_cpu_data()); // 更新的是history_的参数,采用 momentum
caffe_copy(net_params[param_id]->count(),
history_[param_id]->cpu_data(),
net_params[param_id]->mutable_cpu_diff());
break;
}
case Caffe::GPU: {
#ifndef CPU_ONLY
sgd_update_gpu(net_params[param_id]->count(),
net_params[param_id]->mutable_gpu_diff(),
history_[param_id]->mutable_gpu_data(),
momentum, local_rate);
#else
NO_GPU;
#endif
break;
}
default:
LOG(FATAL) << "Unknown caffe mode: " << Caffe::mode();
}
}