机器学习的种类 Types of Machine Learning

Example 1: Handwritten Character Recognition

 

Types of machine learning:

• Supervised learning(Predictive learning)  监督学习

1. Classification

Binary classification

Multiclass classification

Multi-label classification(multiple output model)

 

2. Applications

Document classification: Internet search, email spam filtering

Image classification: handwritten character recognition, face recognition

Object detection: face detection

 

• Unsupervised learning(Descriptive learning) 无监督学习

In unsupervised learning, only input data are given without any desired outputs.

 

Applications:

Discovering clusters

Discovering latent factors and dimensionality reduction

Discovering graph structure

Matrix completion

 

• Reinforcement learning 强化学习

1. Learning how to act when given occasional reward or punishment signals

2. No supervised answer but delayed reward

3. Credit assignment problem

 

Why machine learning?

 Computers are said to be smart. Why do they need to learn anyway? 

• Do not know how to hardwire by hands

Human expertise does not exist (e.g., navigating on Mars)

Humans are unable to explain their expertise (e.g., speech recognit

 

• Solution changes in time (e.g., routing on a computer network)

 

• Solution needs to be adapted to particular cases (e.g., user biometrics)