R for Data Science总结之——modelr(2)
本章针对真实数据集进行建模实践:
library(tidyverse)
library(modelr)
options(na.action = na.warn)
library(nycflights13)
library(lubridate)
为什么低质量的钻石更加昂贵?
首先查看diamonds数据集:
ggplot(diamonds, aes(cut, price)) + geom_boxplot()
ggplot(diamonds, aes(color, price)) + geom_boxplot()
ggplot(diamonds, aes(clarity, price)) + geom_boxplot()
再查看连续变量克拉与价格的关系:
ggplot(diamonds, aes(carat, price)) +
geom_hex(bins = 50)
再针对小于2.5克拉的钻石,抛弃极值点:
diamonds2 <- diamonds %>%
filter(carat <= 2.5) %>%
mutate(lprice = log2(price), lcarat = log2(carat))
ggplot(diamonds2, aes(lcarat, lprice)) +
geom_hex(bins = 50)
对对数化数据进行建模:
mod_diamond <- lm(lprice ~ lcarat, data = diamonds2)
grid <- diamonds2 %>%
data_grid(carat = seq_range(carat, 20)) %>%
mutate(lcarat = log2(carat)) %>%
add_predictions(mod_diamond, "lprice") %>%
mutate(price = 2 ^ lprice)
ggplot(diamonds2, aes(carat, price)) +
geom_hex(bins = 50) +
geom_line(data = grid, colour = "red", size = 1)
再查看残差:
diamonds2 <- diamonds2 %>%
add_residuals(mod_diamond, "lresid")
ggplot(diamonds2, aes(lcarat, lresid)) +
geom_hex(bins = 50)
再查看之前的几个变量与残差的关系:
ggplot(diamonds2, aes(cut, lres