在平常开发中经常会涉及到wifi相关的内容,在此将之前所用到的整理一下,以免忘记。
操作wifi的相关类,主要放在android.net.wifi包下面。使用wifi相关方法需要申请一些权限:
ACCESS_WIFI_STATE 获取WiFi状态。
CHANGE_WIFI_STATE 改变WiFi状态。
CHANGE_WIFI_MULTICAST_STATE 改变WiFi多播状态
申请权限方式:在AndroidManifest.xml文件中填写
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_WIFI_STATE"></uses-permission>
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.CHANGE_WIFI_STATE"></uses-permission>
wifi相关操作所需要用到的类。
先说一下wifi的基本使用情况。
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import java.util.List;
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import android.content.Context;
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import android.net.wifi.ScanResult;
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import android.net.wifi.WifiConfiguration;
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import android.net.wifi.WifiInfo;
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import android.net.wifi.WifiManager;
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import android.net.wifi.WifiManager.WifiLock;
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import android.widget.Toast;
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public class WifiAdmin {
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// 定义WifiManager对象
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private WifiManager mWifiManager;
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// 定义WifiInfo对象
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private WifiInfo mWifiInfo;
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// 扫描出的网络连接列表
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private List<ScanResult> mWifiList;
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// 网络连接列表
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private List<WifiConfiguration> mWifiConfiguration;
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// 定义一个WifiLock
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WifiLock mWifiLock;
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// 构造器
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public WifiAdmin(Context context) {
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// 取得WifiManager对象
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mWifiManager = (WifiManager) context
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.getSystemService(Context.WIFI_SERVICE);
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// 取得WifiInfo对象
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mWifiInfo = mWifiManager.getConnectionInfo();
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}
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// 打开WIFI
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public void openWifi(Context context) {
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if (!mWifiManager.isWifiEnabled()) {
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mWifiManager.setWifiEnabled(true);
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}else if (mWifiManager.getWifiState() == 2) {
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Toast.makeText(context,"亲,Wifi正在开启,不用再开了", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
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}else{
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Toast.makeText(context,"亲,Wifi已经开启,不用再开了", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
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}
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}
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// 关闭WIFI
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public void closeWifi(Context context) {
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if (mWifiManager.isWifiEnabled()) {
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mWifiManager.setWifiEnabled(false);
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}else if(mWifiManager.getWifiState() == 1){
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Toast.makeText(context,"亲,Wifi已经关闭,不用再关了", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
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}else if (mWifiManager.getWifiState() == 0) {
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Toast.makeText(context,"亲,Wifi正在关闭,不用再关了", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
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}else{
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Toast.makeText(context,"请重新关闭", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
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}
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}
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// 检查当前WIFI状态
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public void checkState(Context context) {
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if (mWifiManager.getWifiState() == 0) {
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Toast.makeText(context,"Wifi正在关闭", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
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} else if (mWifiManager.getWifiState() == 1) {
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Toast.makeText(context,"Wifi已经关闭", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
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} else if (mWifiManager.getWifiState() == 2) {
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Toast.makeText(context,"Wifi正在开启", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
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} else if (mWifiManager.getWifiState() == 3) {
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Toast.makeText(context,"Wifi已经开启", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
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} else {
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Toast.makeText(context,"没有获取到WiFi状态", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
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}
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}
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// 锁定WifiLock
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public void acquireWifiLock() {
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mWifiLock.acquire();
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}
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// 解锁WifiLock
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public void releaseWifiLock() {
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// 判断时候锁定
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if (mWifiLock.isHeld()) {
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mWifiLock.acquire();
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}
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}
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// 创建一个WifiLock
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public void creatWifiLock() {
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mWifiLock = mWifiManager.createWifiLock("Test");
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}
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// 得到配置好的网络
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public List<WifiConfiguration> getConfiguration() {
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return mWifiConfiguration;
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}
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// 指定配置好的网络进行连接
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public void connectConfiguration(int index) {
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// 索引大于配置好的网络索引返回
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if (index > mWifiConfiguration.size()) {
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return;
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}
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// 连接配置好的指定ID的网络
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mWifiManager.enableNetwork(mWifiConfiguration.get(index).networkId,
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true);
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}
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public void startScan(Context context) {
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mWifiManager.startScan();
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// 得到扫描结果
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mWifiList = mWifiManager.getScanResults();
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// 得到配置好的网络连接
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mWifiConfiguration = mWifiManager.getConfiguredNetworks();
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if (mWifiList == null) {
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if(mWifiManager.getWifiState()==3){
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Toast.makeText(context,"当前区域没有无线网络", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
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}else if(mWifiManager.getWifiState()==2){
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Toast.makeText(context,"WiFi正在开启,请稍后重新点击扫描", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
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}else{
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Toast.makeText(context,"WiFi没有开启,无法扫描", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
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}
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}
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}
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// 得到网络列表
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public List<ScanResult> getWifiList() {
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return mWifiList;
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}
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// 查看扫描结果
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public StringBuilder lookUpScan() {
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StringBuilder stringBuilder = new StringBuilder();
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for (int i = 0; i < mWifiList.size(); i++) {
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stringBuilder
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.append("Index_" + new Integer(i + 1).toString() + ":");
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// 将ScanResult信息转换成一个字符串包
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// 其中把包括:BSSID、SSID、capabilities、frequency、level
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stringBuilder.append((mWifiList.get(i)).toString());
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stringBuilder.append("/n");
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}
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return stringBuilder;
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}
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// 得到MAC地址
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public String getMacAddress() {
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return (mWifiInfo == null) ? "NULL" : mWifiInfo.getMacAddress();
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}
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// 得到接入点的BSSID
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public String getBSSID() {
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return (mWifiInfo == null) ? "NULL" : mWifiInfo.getBSSID();
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}
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// 得到IP地址
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public int getIPAddress() {
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return (mWifiInfo == null) ? 0 : mWifiInfo.getIpAddress();
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}
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// 得到连接的ID
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public int getNetworkId() {
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return (mWifiInfo == null) ? 0 : mWifiInfo.getNetworkId();
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}
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// 得到WifiInfo的所有信息包
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public String getWifiInfo() {
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return (mWifiInfo == null) ? "NULL" : mWifiInfo.toString();
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}
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// 添加一个网络并连接
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public void addNetwork(WifiConfiguration wcg) {
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int wcgID = mWifiManager.addNetwork(wcg);
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boolean b = mWifiManager.enableNetwork(wcgID, true);
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System.out.println("a--" + wcgID);
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System.out.println("b--" + b);
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}
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// 断开指定ID的网络
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public void disconnectWifi(int netId) {
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mWifiManager.disableNetwork(netId);
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mWifiManager.disconnect();
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}
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public void removeWifi(int netId) {
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disconnectWifi(netId);
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mWifiManager.removeNetwork(netId);
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}
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//然后是一个实际应用方法,只验证过没有密码的情况:
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public WifiConfiguration CreateWifiInfo(String SSID, String Password, int Type)
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{
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WifiConfiguration config = new WifiConfiguration();
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config.allowedAuthAlgorithms.clear();
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config.allowedGroupCiphers.clear();
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config.allowedKeyManagement.clear();
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config.allowedPairwiseCiphers.clear();
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config.allowedProtocols.clear();
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config.SSID = "\"" + SSID + "\"";
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WifiConfiguration tempConfig = this.IsExsits(SSID);
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if(tempConfig != null) {
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mWifiManager.removeNetwork(tempConfig.networkId);
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}
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if(Type == 1) //WIFICIPHER_NOPASS
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{
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config.wepKeys[0] = "";
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config.allowedKeyManagement.set(WifiConfiguration.KeyMgmt.NONE);
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config.wepTxKeyIndex = 0;
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}
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if(Type == 2) //WIFICIPHER_WEP
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{
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config.hiddenSSID = true;
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config.wepKeys[0]= "\""+Password+"\"";
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config.allowedAuthAlgorithms.set(WifiConfiguration.AuthAlgorithm.SHARED);
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config.allowedGroupCiphers.set(WifiConfiguration.GroupCipher.CCMP);
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config.allowedGroupCiphers.set(WifiConfiguration.GroupCipher.TKIP);
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config.allowedGroupCiphers.set(WifiConfiguration.GroupCipher.WEP40);
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config.allowedGroupCiphers.set(WifiConfiguration.GroupCipher.WEP104);
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config.allowedKeyManagement.set(WifiConfiguration.KeyMgmt.NONE);
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config.wepTxKeyIndex = 0;
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}
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if(Type == 3) //WIFICIPHER_WPA
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{
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config.preSharedKey = "\""+Password+"\"";
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config.hiddenSSID = true;
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config.allowedAuthAlgorithms.set(WifiConfiguration.AuthAlgorithm.OPEN);
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config.allowedGroupCiphers.set(WifiConfiguration.GroupCipher.TKIP);
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config.allowedKeyManagement.set(WifiConfiguration.KeyMgmt.WPA_PSK);
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config.allowedPairwiseCiphers.set(WifiConfiguration.PairwiseCipher.TKIP);
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//config.allowedProtocols.set(WifiConfiguration.Protocol.WPA);
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config.allowedGroupCiphers.set(WifiConfiguration.GroupCipher.CCMP);
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config.allowedPairwiseCiphers.set(WifiConfiguration.PairwiseCipher.CCMP);
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config.status = WifiConfiguration.Status.ENABLED;
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}
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return config;
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}
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private WifiConfiguration IsExsits(String SSID)
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{
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List<WifiConfiguration> existingConfigs = mWifiManager.getConfiguredNetworks();
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for (WifiConfiguration existingConfig : existingConfigs)
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{
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if (existingConfig.SSID.equals("\""+SSID+"\""))
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{
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return existingConfig;
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}
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}
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return null;
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}
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}
如图所示:
俩bug
这些代码看起来没有什么问题,但是通过不同环境的测试,发现了一些问题。
1 测试到的wifi热点,有的ssid为”“,也就是ssid != null,获取不到said。
2 wifi列表中有许多同名的wifi热点,也就是扫描的结果中有重合部分,并不是有多个同名的wifi热点。
第一个问题ssid为“”,这个看设置中并没有多余wifi,但这个热点点其它信息可以获取到,说明这个热点是存在的,应该是该热点隐藏了,所以获取不到。这也就是手机设置中为什么会有添加网路的按钮了。
第二个问题,当附近wifi热点比较少时不会出现此问题,当附近wifi网络比较多时会出现此问题。这就需要将同名的热点进行删除,但是如果真有两个ssid名相同的wifi,那就可以通过capabilities去区分吧,如果capabilities也相同就没办法了,系统设置里面也不显示同名的。
修改上面的方法 startScan()。
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public void startScan(Context context) {
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mWifiManager.startScan();
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//得到扫描结果
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List<ScanResult> results = mWifiManager.getScanResults();
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// 得到配置好的网络连接
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mWifiConfiguration = mWifiManager.getConfiguredNetworks();
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if (results == null) {
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if(mWifiManager.getWifiState()==3){
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Toast.makeText(context,"当前区域没有无线网络",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
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}else if(mWifiManager.getWifiState()==2){
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Toast.makeText(context,"wifi正在开启,请稍后扫描", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
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}else{Toast.makeText(context,"WiFi没有开启", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
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}
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} else {
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mWifiList = new ArrayList();
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for(ScanResult result : results){
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if (result.SSID == null || result.SSID.length() == 0 || result.capabilities.contains("[IBSS]")) {
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continue;
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}
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boolean found = false;
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for(ScanResult item:mWifiList){
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if(item.SSID.equals(result.SSID)&&item.capabilities.equals(result.capabilities)){
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found = true;break;
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}
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}
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if(!found){
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mWifiList.add(result);
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}
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}
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}
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}
这样就可以避免出现上面的两种情况了。
代码
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public class MainActivity extends Activity implements OnClickListener {
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public static final String TAG = "MainActivity";
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private Button check_wifi,open_wifi,close_wifi,scan_wifi;
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private ListView mlistView;
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protected WifiAdmin mWifiAdmin;
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private List<ScanResult> mWifiList;
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public int level;
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protected String ssid;
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protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
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super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
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setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
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mWifiAdmin = new WifiAdmin(MainActivity.this);
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initViews();
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IntentFilter filter = new IntentFilter(
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WifiManager.NETWORK_STATE_CHANGED_ACTION);
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//="android.net.wifi.STATE_CHANGE" 监听wifi状态的变化
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registerReceiver(mReceiver, filter);
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mlistView.setOnItemClickListener(new OnItemClickListener() {
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@Override
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public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> parent, View view,
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int position, long id) {
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AlertDialog.Builder alert=new AlertDialog.Builder(MainActivity.this);
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ssid=mWifiList.get(position).SSID;
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alert.setTitle(ssid);
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alert.setMessage("输入密码");
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final EditText et_password=new EditText(MainActivity.this);
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final SharedPreferences preferences=getSharedPreferences("wifi_password",Context.MODE_PRIVATE);
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et_password.setText(preferences.getString(ssid, ""));
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alert.setView(et_password);
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//alert.setView(view1);
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alert.setPositiveButton("连接", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener(){
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@Override
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public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
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String pw = et_password.getText().toString();
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if(null == pw || pw.length() < 8){
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Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "密码至少8位", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
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return;
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}
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Editor editor=preferences.edit();
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editor.putString(ssid, pw); //保存密码
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editor.commit();
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mWifiAdmin.addNetwork(mWifiAdmin.CreateWifiInfo(ssid, et_password.getText().toString(), 3));
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}
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});
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alert.setNegativeButton("取消", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener(){
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@Override
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public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
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//
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//mWifiAdmin.removeWifi(mWifiAdmin.getNetworkId());
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}
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});
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alert.create();
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alert.show();
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}
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});
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}
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/*
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* 控件初始化
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* */
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private void initViews() {
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check_wifi=(Button) findViewById(R.id.check_wifi);
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open_wifi=(Button) findViewById(R.id.open_wifi);
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close_wifi=(Button) findViewById(R.id.close_wifi);
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scan_wifi=(Button) findViewById(R.id.scan_wifi);
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mlistView=(ListView) findViewById(R.id.wifi_list);
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check_wifi.setOnClickListener(MainActivity.this);
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open_wifi.setOnClickListener(MainActivity.this);
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close_wifi.setOnClickListener(MainActivity.this);
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scan_wifi.setOnClickListener(MainActivity.this);
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}
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@Override
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public void onClick(View v) {
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switch (v.getId()) {
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case R.id.check_wifi:
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mWifiAdmin.checkState(MainActivity.this);
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break;
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case R.id.open_wifi:
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mWifiAdmin.openWifi(MainActivity.this);
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break;
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case R.id.close_wifi:
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mWifiAdmin.closeWifi(MainActivity.this);
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break;
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case R.id.scan_wifi:
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mWifiAdmin.startScan(MainActivity.this);
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mWifiList=mWifiAdmin.getWifiList();
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if(mWifiList!=null){
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mlistView.setAdapter(new MyAdapter(this,mWifiList));
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new Utility().setListViewHeightBasedOnChildren(mlistView);
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}
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break;
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default:
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break;
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}
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}
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public class MyAdapter extends BaseAdapter{
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LayoutInflater inflater;
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List<ScanResult> list;
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public MyAdapter(Context context, List<ScanResult> list){
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this.inflater=LayoutInflater.from(context);
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this.list=list;
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}
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@Override
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public int getCount() {
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return list.size();
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}
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@Override
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public Object getItem(int position) {
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return position;
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}
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@Override
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public long getItemId(int position) {
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return position;
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}
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@SuppressLint({ "ViewHolder", "InflateParams" })
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@Override
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public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
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View view=null;
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view=inflater.inflate(R.layout.wifi_listitem, null);
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ScanResult scanResult = list.get(position);
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TextView wifi_ssid=(TextView) view.findViewById(R.id.ssid);
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ImageView wifi_level=(ImageView) view.findViewById(R.id.wifi_level);
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wifi_ssid.setText(scanResult.SSID);
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Log.i(TAG, "scanResult.SSID="+scanResult);
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level=WifiManager.calculateSignalLevel(scanResult.level,5);
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if(scanResult.capabilities.contains("WEP")||scanResult.capabilities.contains("PSK")||
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scanResult.capabilities.contains("EAP")){
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wifi_level.setImageResource(R.drawable.wifi_signal_lock);
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}else{
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wifi_level.setImageResource(R.drawable.wifi_signal_open);
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}
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wifi_level.setImageLevel(level);
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//判断信号强度,显示对应的指示图标
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return view;
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}
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}
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/*设置listview的高度*/
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public class Utility {
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public void setListViewHeightBasedOnChildren(ListView listView) {
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ListAdapter listAdapter = listView.getAdapter();
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if (listAdapter == null) {
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return;
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}
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int totalHeight = 0;
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for (int i = 0; i < listAdapter.getCount(); i++) {
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View listItem = listAdapter.getView(i, null, listView);
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listItem.measure(0, 0);
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totalHeight += listItem.getMeasuredHeight();
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}
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ViewGroup.LayoutParams params = listView.getLayoutParams();
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params.height = totalHeight + (listView.getDividerHeight() * (listAdapter.getCount() - 1));
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listView.setLayoutParams(params);
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}
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}
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//监听wifi状态
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private BroadcastReceiver mReceiver = new BroadcastReceiver (){
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@Override
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public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
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ConnectivityManager manager = (ConnectivityManager) context.getSystemService(Context.CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE);
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NetworkInfo wifiInfo = manager.getNetworkInfo(ConnectivityManager.TYPE_WIFI);
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if(wifiInfo.isConnected()){
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WifiManager wifiManager = (WifiManager) context
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.getSystemService(Context.WIFI_SERVICE);
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String wifiSSID = wifiManager.getConnectionInfo()
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.getSSID();
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Toast.makeText(context, wifiSSID+"连接成功", 1).show();
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}
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}
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};
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}
ScanResult类
这个类主要是通过Wifi硬件的扫描来获取一些周边的wifi热点(access point)的信息。该类主要有5个域,
返回类型 | 域名 | 解释 |
public String | BSSID | 接入点的地址 |
public String | SSID | 网络的名字 |
public String | capabilities | 网络性能,包括接入点支持的认证、密钥管理、加密机制等 |
public int | frequency | 以MHz为单位的接入频率 |
public int | level | 以dBm为单位的信号强度。 |
打印信息如下所示:
WifiConfiguration类
通过该类获取一个wifi网络的网络配置,包括安全配置等。它包含6个子类,如下所示:
子类 | 解释 |
WifiConfiguration.AuthAlgorthm | 获取IEEE 802.11的加密方法 |
WifiConfiguration.GroupCipher | 获取组密钥 |
WifiConfiguration.KeyMgmt | 获取密码管理体制 |
WifiConfiguration.PairwiseCipher | 获取WPA方式的成对密钥 |
WifiConfiguration.Protocol | 获取加密协议 |
WifiConfiguration.Status | 获取当前网络状态 |
该类内容较多,不一一例举,需要用到的时候可以查Android SDK。
WifiInfo类
该类可以获得已经建立的或处于活动状态的wifi网络的状态信息。常用方法如下:
代码:
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mWifiManager = (WifiManager)getSystemService(Context.WIFI_SERVICE);
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mWifiInfo = mWifiManager.getConnectionInfo();
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if(null != mWifiInfo && null != mWifiInfo.getSSID()){
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String info = "getSSID()="+mWifiInfo.getSSID()+"\n"
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+"getBSSID()="+mWifiInfo.getBSSID()+"\n"
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+"getHiddenSSID()="+mWifiInfo.getHiddenSSID()+"\n"
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+"getLinkSpeed()="+mWifiInfo.getLinkSpeed()+"\n"
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+"getMacAddress()="+mWifiInfo.getMacAddress()+"\n"
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+"getNetworkId()="+mWifiInfo.getNetworkId()+"\n"
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+"getRssi()="+mWifiInfo.getRssi()+"\n"
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+"getSupplicantState()="+mWifiInfo.getSupplicantState()+"\n"
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+"getDetailedStateOf()="+mWifiInfo.getDetailedStateOf(mWifiInfo.getSupplicantState());
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mTVWifiInfo.setText(info);
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}else {
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mTVWifiInfo.setText("没有连接到wifi");
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}
WifiManager类
该类用于管理Wifi连接,定义了许多常量和方法,这里就不一一说了。
常用方法。
需要指出的是getWifiState()方法是反悔wifi的状态,有整型常量表示,