halcon——在图形窗口中画坐标系

1. 看一个案例

• 下图是电池UV点胶和热熔胶。
• 想测量胶水的宽度，然后将宽度以曲线的形式显示在窗口中。
  

2. 具体要求

• 只需关注W1、W2的技术要求
  

3. 解决方案和效果

• 首先使用blob分析将UV胶区域分割出来，然后抠图；
• 然后使用抓边工具/或Blob差分方法，测量胶水的宽度；
• 最后在窗口中画出坐标系，显示宽度变化曲线

4. 抓边工具方法

dev_update_off ()
dev_get_window (WindowHandle)
dev_set_line_width (2)

* Image Acquisition 01: Code generated by Image Acquisition 01
list_files ('', ['files','follow_links'], ImageFiles)
tuple_regexp_select (ImageFiles, ['\\.(tif|tiff|gif|bmp|jpg|jpeg|jp2|png|pcx|pgm|ppm|pbm|xwd|ima|hobj)$','ignore_case'], ImageFiles)
for Index := 0 to |ImageFiles| - 1 by 1
    read_image (Image, ImageFiles[Index])

    *通过Blob分析确定UV胶的大概位置
    
    threshold (Image, Regions1, 240, 255)
    erosion_rectangle1 (Regions1, RegionErosion, 11, 3)
    connection (RegionErosion, ConnectedRegions)   
    select_shape (ConnectedRegions, SelectedRegions, ['area','row'], 'and', [31306,1676.7], [95838.7,2000])
    smallest_rectangle2 (SelectedRegions, Row, Column, Phi, Length1, Length2)
    
    LineRow1:=Row
    LineCol1:=Column-Length1
    LineRow2:=Row
    LineCol2:=Column+Length1
    
    *===================Gap=======================
    * 1. 创建ROI draw_rake函数
    Elements:=200
    DetectHeight:=50
    DetectWidth:=5
*     draw_rake (Regions, WindowHandle, Elements, DetectHeight, DetectWidth, Row1, Column1, Row2, Column2)
    
    * 2. 边缘测量 rake函数
    Sigma:=3
    Threshold:=5
    
    Transition:='negative'
    Select:='all'
    dev_set_color ('white')
    rake (Image, Regions, Elements, DetectHeight, DetectWidth, Sigma, Threshold,\
    Transition, Select, LineRow1, LineCol1, LineRow2, LineCol2, ResultRows1, ResultColumns1)
    
    * 3. 拟合直线 pts_to_best_line函数
*     ActiveNum:=5
*     pts_to_best_line (Line1, ResultRow, ResultColumn, ActiveNum, R1, C1, R2, C2)
    
    Transition:='positive'
    rake (Image, Regions, Elements, DetectHeight, DetectWidth, Sigma, Threshold, \
          Transition, Select, LineRow1, LineCol1, LineRow2, LineCol2, ResultRows2, ResultColumns2)
    
*     pts_to_best_line (Line2, ResultRow, ResultColumn, ActiveNum, R3, C3, R4, C4)
    
    * 计算点对之间的距离
    distance_pp (ResultRows1, ResultColumns1, ResultRows2, ResultColumns2, Distances)
       
    gen_contour_polygon_xld (Contour1, ResultRows1, ResultColumns1)
    gen_contour_polygon_xld (Contour2, ResultRows2, ResultColumns2)
    
    * 显示   
    dev_set_color ('blue')
    dev_display (Image)
    dev_display (Contour1)
    dev_display (Contour2)

    *标准线所在行数列数
   
    *像素与mm的换算关系 1mm = PMM pixel
    PMM:=100
    ScaleR:=15
    offsetRow:=200
    
    *不设置基准线，只保留上下限
    mmStdA:=0.6
    mmUpA:=0.3
    mmLowA:=-0.2
    
    mmStdB:=0.512
    mmUpB:=0.25
    mmLowB:=-0.122
    
    mmAvoid:=3  //避让长度
    mmAllLength:=285 //全长
    
    mmStartA:=100
    mmEndA:=mmStartA+mmAvoid
    
    mmStartB:=mmStartA+mmAvoid   
    mmEndB:=mmStartA+mmAllLength
    
    
    pixStartACol:=LineCol1 
    pixStartBCol:=LineCol1 + mmAvoid*PMM
    pixEndACol:=pixStartBCol
    pixEndBCol:=LineCol2
    
    
    pixStdARow:=offsetRow + mmStdA*PMM*ScaleR
    pixStdBRow:=offsetRow + (2*mmStdA-mmStdB)*PMM*ScaleR
    
    
    pixUpARow:=pixStdARow-mmUpA*PMM*ScaleR
    pixLowARow:=pixStdARow-mmLowA*PMM*ScaleR
    
    pixUpBRow:=pixStdBRow-mmUpB*PMM*ScaleR
    pixLowBRow:=pixStdBRow-mmLowB*PMM*ScaleR
 
    *gen_contour_polygon_xld (StdLA, [pixStdARow,pixStdARow], [pixStartACol,pixEndACol])
    *gen_contour_polygon_xld (StdLB, [pixStdBRow,pixStdBRow], [pixStartBCol,pixEndBCol])
    
    *A区上下限
    gen_contour_polygon_xld (UpLA, [pixUpARow,pixUpARow], [pixStartACol,pixEndACol])
    gen_contour_polygon_xld (LowLA, [pixLowARow,pixLowARow], [pixStartACol,pixEndACol])
    *B区上下限
    gen_contour_polygon_xld (UpLB, [pixUpBRow,pixUpBRow], [pixStartBCol,pixEndBCol])
    gen_contour_polygon_xld (LowLB, [pixLowBRow,pixLowBRow], [pixStartBCol,pixEndBCol])
    *Y轴
    gen_arrow_contour_xld (ArrowY, pixLowBRow+200, pixStartACol, pixUpARow-200, pixStartACol, 50, 50)
     
    *实测线

     RealRow:=1400 - Distances*ScaleR
     gen_contour_polygon_xld (ContourReal, RealRow, ResultColumns1)
     

     
    dev_set_color ('white')
    dev_display (ArrowY)
    dev_set_color ('red')
    dev_display (UpLA)
    dev_display (LowLA)
    dev_display (UpLB)
    dev_display (LowLB)
    dev_set_color ('green')

    dev_display (ContourReal)
    
    
    stop()
endfor
dev_update_on ()

5. Blob差分方法

dev_update_off ()
dev_get_window (WindowHandle)
dev_set_line_width (2)

* Image Acquisition 01: Code generated by Image Acquisition 01
list_files ('', ['files','follow_links'], ImageFiles)
tuple_regexp_select (ImageFiles, ['\\.(tif|tiff|gif|bmp|jpg|jpeg|jp2|png|pcx|pgm|ppm|pbm|xwd|ima|hobj)$','ignore_case'], ImageFiles)
for Index := 0 to |ImageFiles| - 1 by 1
    read_image (Image, ImageFiles[Index])
    
    *通过Blob分析确定UV胶的大概位置   
    threshold (Image, Regions1, 240, 255)
    erosion_rectangle1 (Regions1, RegionErosion, 11, 3)
    connection (RegionErosion, ConnectedRegions)   
    select_shape (ConnectedRegions, SelectedRegions, ['area','row'], 'and', [31306,1676.7], [95838.7,2000])
    smallest_rectangle2 (SelectedRegions, Row, Column, Phi, Length1, Length2)
    
    LineRow1:=Row
    LineCol1:=Column-Length1
    LineRow2:=Row
    LineCol2:=Column+Length1
    
    *===================宽度=======================  
    smallest_rectangle1 (SelectedRegions, Row1, Column11, Row2, Column21)
    gen_rectangle1 (Rectangle, Row1, Column11, Row2, Column21)
    get_region_contour (SelectedRegions, Rows, Columns)
    gen_region_points (SelectedRegions, Rows, Columns)
    //clip_region (WeldBoundary, Boundaries, 0, 2, 511, 509)
    smallest_rectangle1 (SelectedRegions, UpperRow, Column1, LowerRow, Column2)
    
    Distances := []
    dev_set_color ('red')
    dev_update_var ('off')
    dev_update_time ('off')
    dev_update_pc ('off')
    for i := Column11+2 to Column21-2 by 1
        gen_region_line (ScanLine, UpperRow, i, LowerRow, i)
        dev_display (ScanLine)
        intersection (SelectedRegions, ScanLine, BoundaryPoints)
        get_region_points (BoundaryPoints, Rows, Columns)
        Distances := [Distances,abs(Rows[|Rows| - 1] - Rows[0])]
    endfor
    
    dev_display (Image)
    * 坐标系向下偏移像素
    dev_set_color ('blue')
    OffsetY:=1200
    OffsetX:=LineCol1
    * X轴
    AxisXRow1:=OffsetY
    AxisXCol1:=OffsetX
    AxisXRow2:=OffsetY
    AxisXCol2:=AxisXCol1+2*Length1    
    gen_arrow_contour_xld (AxisX, AxisXRow1, AxisXCol1, AxisXRow2, AxisXCol2, 50, 50)
    
    * Y轴
    AxisYRow1:=AxisXRow1
    AxisYCol1:=OffsetX
    AxisYRow2:=AxisXRow1-OffsetY
    AxisYCol2:=OffsetX  
    gen_arrow_contour_xld (AxisY, AxisYRow1, AxisYCol1, AxisYRow2, AxisYCol2, 50, 50)
    
    *实测线
    PMM:=40
    Mul:=20
    RealRow:=AxisXRow1-Distances*Mul
    tuple_gen_sequence (Column1+2, Column2-2, 1, Sequence)
    gen_contour_polygon_xld (ContourReal, RealRow, Sequence)
    
    *上下限
    mmStdA:=0.6
    mmUpA:=0.6+0.3
    mmLowA:=0.6-0.2
    
    mmStdB:=0.512
    mmUpB:=0.512+0.25
    mmLowB:=0.512-0.122
    
    mmAvoid:=3  //避让长度
    mmAllLength:=285 //全长   
    mmStartA:=100
    
    
    mmEndA:=mmStartA+mmAvoid
    
    mmStartB:=mmStartA+mmAvoid   
    mmEndB:=mmStartA+mmAllLength
    
    
    pixStartACol:=AxisXCol1 
    pixEndACol:=AxisXCol1 + mmAvoid*PMM   
    pixStartBCol:=AxisXCol1 + mmAvoid*PMM 
    pixEndBCol:=AxisXCol2
    
    pixStdARow:=AxisXRow1-mmStdA*PMM*Mul
    pixStdBRow:=AxisXRow1-mmStdB*PMM*Mul
    
    pixUpARow:=AxisXRow1-mmUpA*PMM*Mul
    pixLowARow:=AxisXRow1-mmLowA*PMM*Mul
    
    pixUpBRow:=AxisXRow1-mmUpB*PMM*Mul
    pixLowBRow:=AxisXRow1-mmLowB*PMM*Mul
    
    gen_contour_polygon_xld (StdLA, [pixStdARow,pixStdARow], [pixStartACol,pixEndACol])
    gen_contour_polygon_xld (StdLB, [pixStdBRow,pixStdBRow], [pixStartBCol,pixEndBCol])
    
    *A区上下限
    gen_contour_polygon_xld (UpLA, [pixUpARow,pixUpARow], [pixStartACol,pixEndACol])
    gen_contour_polygon_xld (LowLA, [pixLowARow,pixLowARow], [pixStartACol,pixEndACol])
    *B区上下限
    gen_contour_polygon_xld (UpLB, [pixUpBRow,pixUpBRow], [pixStartBCol,pixEndBCol])
    gen_contour_polygon_xld (LowLB, [pixLowBRow,pixLowBRow], [pixStartBCol,pixEndBCol])
    
    dev_set_color ('white')
    dev_display (AxisX)
    dev_display (AxisY)
    
    dev_set_color ('green')
    dev_display (ContourReal)
    
    dev_set_color ('blue')
    dev_display (StdLA)
    dev_display (StdLB)
    
    dev_set_color ('red')
    dev_display (UpLA)
    dev_display (LowLA)
    dev_display (UpLB)
    dev_display (LowLB)
    stop()
    
endfor
dev_update_on ()

6. 两种方法的不同

• 抓边的方法精度精度更高，是亚像素级别的，但是存在有时抓不到变得风险；
• Blob差分方法精度不高，是像素级别的，但是稳定性更好；
• 实际项目中到底要用哪种方法，还需要具体情况具体分析。

7. 资源下载

https://download.csdn.net/download/weixin_38566632/37361354