关键词: 路径(相对/绝对)、目录操作(特殊目录/目录处理/环境变量)、文件与目录验视(ls)https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_38872771
[ kingarthur@localhost ~] $ su -
Password:
Last login: Mon Mar 23 20:36:25 CST 2020 on pts/1
[ root@localhost ~]
[ root@localhost ~]
[ root@localhost kingarthur]
[ root@localhost ~]
/root
[ root@localhost ~]
[ root@localhost kingarthur]
/home/kingarthur
[ root@localhost ~]
[ root@localhost /]
/
[ root@localhost /]
/root
[ root@localhost ~]
[ root@localhost mail]
/var/mail
[ root@localhost mail]
/var/spool/mail
[ root@localhost mail]
drwxrwxr-x. 2 root mail 47 Mar 22 15:15 /var/mail/
[ root@localhost mail]
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 10 Mar 18 07:55 /var/mail -> spool/mail
[ kingarthur@localhost ~] $ ls -al /var /
/:
total 28
dr-xr-xr-x. 17 root root 224 Mar 18 08:29 .
dr-xr-xr-x. 17 root root 224 Mar 18 08:29 ..
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 7 Mar 18 07:55 bin -> usr/bin
dr-xr-xr-x. 6 root root 4096 Mar 18 14:28 boot
drwxr-xr-x. 20 root root 3320 Mar 26 02:44 dev
drwxr-xr-x. 175 root root 12288 Mar 22 18:06 etc
drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 24 Mar 18 08:29 home
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 7 Mar 18 07:55 lib -> usr/lib
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 9 Mar 18 07:55 lib64 -> usr/lib64
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 media
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 mnt
drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 16 Mar 18 08:20 opt
dr-xr-xr-x. 226 root root 0 Mar 26 02:44 proc
dr-xr-x---. 6 root root 219 Mar 19 07:48 root
drwxr-xr-x. 55 root root 1540 Mar 26 02:45 run
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 8 Mar 18 07:55 sbin -> usr/sbin
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 srv
dr-xr-xr-x. 13 root root 0 Mar 26 02:44 sys
drwxrwxrwt. 38 root root 4096 Mar 26 03:36 tmp
drwxr-xr-x. 13 root root 155 Mar 18 07:55 usr
drwxr-xr-x. 24 root root 4096 Mar 18 14:27 var
/var:
total 20
drwxr-xr-x. 24 root root 4096 Mar 18 14:27 .
dr-xr-xr-x. 17 root root 224 Mar 18 08:29 ..
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 6 Mar 18 07:54 run -> .. /run
drwxr-xr-x. 13 root root 153 Mar 18 08:19 spool
drwxr-xr-x. 4 root root 28 Mar 18 08:04 target
drwxrwxrwt. 18 root root 4096 Mar 26 02:46 tmp
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 163 Mar 18 07:55 .updated
drwxr-xr-x. 4 root root 33 Mar 18 08:03 www
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 yp
[ kingarthur@localhost ~] $ ls -al /var
total 20
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 11 Mar 18 07:54 lock -> .. /run/lock
drwxr-xr-x. 30 root root 4096 Mar 26 03:36 log
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 10 Mar 18 07:55 mail -> spool/mail
drwxrwx--T. 7 root named 159 Mar 18 08:18 named
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 preserve
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 6 Mar 18 07:54 run -> .. /run
drwxr-xr-x. 13 root root 153 Mar 18 08:19 spool
drwxr-xr-x. 4 root root 28 Mar 18 08:04 target
drwxrwxrwt. 18 root root 4096 Mar 26 02:46 tmp
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 163 Mar 18 07:55 .updated
drwxr-xr-x. 4 root root 33 Mar 18 08:03 www
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 yp
[ kingarthur@localhost tmp] $ mkdir -p test1/test2/test3/test4
[ kingarthur@localhost tmp] $ ls -al test
total 4
drwxrwxr-x. 2 kingarthur kingarthur 6 Mar 26 03:54 .
drwxrwxrwt. 40 root root 4096 Mar 26 04:01 ..
[ kingarthur@localhost tmp] $ ls -al test1
total 4
drwxrwxr-x. 3 kingarthur kingarthur 19 Mar 26 03:55 .
drwxrwxrwt. 40 root root 4096 Mar 26 04:01 ..
drwxrwxr-x. 3 kingarthur kingarthur 19 Mar 26 03:55 test2
[ kingarthur@localhost tmp] $ ls test*
test:
test1:
test2
[ kingarthur@localhost tmp] $ ls -al test*
test:
total 4
drwxrwxr-x. 2 kingarthur kingarthur 6 Mar 26 03:54 .
drwxrwxrwt. 40 root root 4096 Mar 26 20:28 ..
test1:
total 4
drwxrwxr-x. 3 kingarthur kingarthur 19 Mar 26 03:55 .
drwxrwxrwt. 40 root root 4096 Mar 26 20:28 ..
drwxrwxr-x. 3 kingarthur kingarthur 19 Mar 26 03:55 test2
[ kingarthur@localhost tmp] $ chmod 777 test*
[ kingarthur@localhost tmp] $ ls -al test*
test:
total 4
drwxrwxrwx. 2 kingarthur kingarthur 6 Mar 26 03:54 .
drwxrwxrwt. 40 root root 4096 Mar 26 20:30 ..
test1:
total 4
drwxrwxrwx. 3 kingarthur kingarthur 19 Mar 26 03:55 .
drwxrwxrwt. 40 root root 4096 Mar 26 20:30 ..
drwxrwxr-x. 3 kingarthur kingarthur 19 Mar 26 03:55 test2
[ kingarthur@localhost tmp] $ mkdir -m 777 ./test/test_mkdir_m
[ kingarthur@localhost tmp] $ ls -al ./test/
total 4
drwxrwxrwx. 3 kingarthur kingarthur 26 Mar 26 20:38 .
drwxrwxrwt. 40 root root 4096 Mar 26 20:38 ..
drwxrwxrwx. 2 kingarthur kingarthur 6 Mar 26 20:38 test_mkdir_m
[ kingarthur@localhost tmp] $ chmod 664 ./test/test_mkdir_m
[ kingarthur@localhost tmp] $ ls -al ./test/test_mkdir_m/
ls: cannot access ./test/test_mkdir_m/.: Permission denied
ls: cannot access ./test/test_mkdir_m/.. : Permission denied
total 0
d????????? ? ? ? ? ? .
d????????? ? ? ? ? ? ..
[ kingarthur@localhost tmp] $ ls -al ./test/
total 4
drwxrwxrwx. 3 kingarthur kingarthur 26 Mar 26 20:38 .
drwxrwxrwt. 40 root root 4096 Mar 26 20:39 ..
drw-rw-r--. 2 kingarthur kingarthur 6 Mar 26 20:38 test_mkdir_m
[ kingarthur@localhost tmp] $ cd /tmp/test/test_mkdir_m/
-bash: cd: /tmp/test/test_mkdir_m/: Permission denied
[ kingarthur@localhost /] $ ls -al /tmp/test*
/tmp/test:
total 4
drwxrwxrwx. 3 kingarthur kingarthur 26 Mar 26 20:38 .
drwxrwxrwt. 40 root root 4096 Mar 26 20:54 ..
drw-rw-r--. 2 kingarthur kingarthur 6 Mar 26 20:38 test_mkdir_m
/tmp/test1:
total 4
drwxrwxrwx. 3 kingarthur kingarthur 19 Mar 26 03:55 .
drwxrwxrwt. 40 root root 4096 Mar 26 20:54 ..
drwxrwxr-x. 3 kingarthur kingarthur 19 Mar 26 03:55 test2
[ kingarthur@localhost /] $ rmdir /tmp/test/test_mkdir_m
[ kingarthur@localhost /] $ ls -al /tmp/test
total 4
drwxrwxrwx. 2 kingarthur kingarthur 6 Mar 26 20:55 .
drwxrwxrwt. 40 root root 4096 Mar 26 20:55 ..
[ kingarthur@localhost /] $ rmdir /tmp/test1
rmdir: failed to remove ‘/tmp/test1’: Directory not empty
[ kingarthur@localhost /] $ rmdir -p /tmp/test1/test2/test3/test4/
rmdir: failed to remove directory ‘/tmp’: Permission denied
[ kingarthur@localhost /] $ cd /tmp
[ kingarthur@localhost tmp] $ rmdir -p ./test1/test2/test3/test4/
rmdir: failed to remove ‘./test1/test2/test3/test4/’: No such file or directory
[ kingarthur@localhost tmp] $ ls -al test1
ls: cannot access test1: No such file or directory
[ kingarthur@localhost tmp] $ mkdir -p -m 777 ./test/test_authenrity
[ kingarthur@localhost tmp] $ ls -al ./test
total 4
drwxrwxr-x. 3 kingarthur kingarthur 29 Mar 26 21:03 .
drwxrwxrwt. 39 root root 4096 Mar 26 21:03 ..
drwxrwxrwx. 2 kingarthur kingarthur 6 Mar 26 21:03 test_authenrity
[ kingarthur@localhost tmp] $ ls -al ./test/test_authenrity/
total 0
drwxrwxrwx. 2 kingarthur kingarthur 6 Mar 26 21:03 .
drwxrwxr-x. 3 kingarthur kingarthur 29 Mar 26 21:03 ..
[ kingarthur@localhost tmp] $