1
Pragmatics: meaning
Semantics: content, factual information
Syntax: sentence structure
morphology: word forms
phonology: sound structure
phonetics: articulation, acoustics, perception
2
phoneme: 音位
smallest distinctive unit 语音学中最小有区别性的单位,和别的音不一样,独立的,不混淆
smallest segmental unit of sound, form meaningful contrast between utterances
different phonological classes
example: function analysis of big and pig
phone:
smallest phonetic unit of speech 语音学中最小单位
different phonetic classes
allophone:
different phones of the same phoneme
phoneme和phone,比如说英音和美音不同,音phone不同,但同属于一个音位phoneme。因此有了allophone,比如德语中的ch,有不同的发音。
3
morpheme: 词素
smallest unit of speech carrying meaning
syllable: 音节
phonetic, not meaning-related unit, smallest group of p