python实现神经网络控制系统设计_用python实现一个神经网络

原文：http://www.wildml.com/2015/09/implementing-a-neural-network-from-scratch/

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

"""

Created on Fri Jul 7 15:37:41 2017

@author: bryan

"""

import numpy as np

from matplotlib import pyplot as plt

import sklearn

np.random.seed(0)

X, y = sklearn.datasets.make_moons(200, noise=0.20)

num_examples=len(X)

nn_input_dim=2

nn_output_dim=2

#Gradient descent parameters

eta=0.01

reg_lambda=0.01

def plot_decision_boundary(pred_func):

# Set min and max values and give it some padding

x_min, x_max = X[:, 0].min() - .5, X[:, 0].max() + .5

y_min, y_max = X[:, 1].min() - .5, X[:, 1].max() + .5

h = 0.01

# Generate a grid of points with distance h between them

xx, yy = np.meshgrid(np.arange(x_min, x_max, h), np.arange(y_min, y_max, h))

# Predict the function value for the whole gid

Z = pred_func(np.c_[xx.ravel(), yy.ravel()])

Z = Z.reshape(xx.shape)

# Plot the contour and training examples

plt.contourf(xx, yy, Z, cmap=plt.cm.Spectral)

plt.scatter(X[:, 0], X[:, 1], c=y, cmap=plt.cm.Spectral)

def calculate_loss(model):

W1,b1,W2,b2=model['W1'],model['b1'],model['W2'],model['b2']

z1=X.dot(W1)+b1

a1=np.tanh(z1)

z2=a1.dot(W2)+b2

exp_scores=np.exp(z2)

probs=exp_scores/np.sum(exp_scores,axis=1,keepdims=True)

corect_logprobs=-np.log(probs[range(num_examples),y])

data_loss = np.sum(corect_logprobs)

data_loss+=reg_lambda/2*(np.sum(np.square(W1))+np.sum(np.square(W2)))

return 1./num_examples*data_loss

def predict(model,X):

W1,b1,W2,b2=model['W1'],model['b1'],model['W2'],model['b2']

z1=X.dot(W1)+b1

a1=np.tanh(z1)

z2=a1.dot(W2)+b2

exp_scores=np.exp(z2)

probs=exp_scores/np.sum(exp_scores,axis=1,keepdims=True)

return np.argmax(probs,axis=1)

def build_model(nn_hdim,num_passes=20000,print_loss=True):

np.random.seed(0)

W1=np.random.randn(nn_input_dim,nn_hdim)/np.sqrt(nn_input_dim)

b1=np.zeros((1,nn_hdim))

W2=np.random.randn(nn_hdim,nn_output_dim)/np.sqrt(nn_hdim)

b2 = np.zeros((1, nn_output_dim))

model={}

# Gradient descent. For each batch...

for i in range(0,num_passes):

# Forward propagation

z1=X.dot(W1)+b1

a1=np.tanh(z1)

z2=a1.dot(W2)+b2

exp_scores=np.exp(z2)

probs=exp_scores/np.sum(exp_scores,axis=1,keepdims=True)

# Backpropagation

delta3=probs

delta3[range(num_examples),y]-=1

dW2=(a1.T).dot(delta3)

db2=np.sum(delta3,axis=0,keepdims=True)

delta2=delta3.dot(W2.T)*(1-np.power(a1,2))

dW1=np.dot(X.T,delta2)

db1=np.sum(delta2,axis=0)

# Add regularization terms (b1 and b2 don't have regularization terms)

dW2+=reg_lambda*W2

dW1+=reg_lambda*W1

# Gradient descent parameter update

W1+=-eta*dW1

b1+=-eta*db1

W2+=-eta*dW2

b2+=-eta*db2

model = { 'W1': W1, 'b1': b1, 'W2': W2, 'b2': b2}

# Optionally print the loss.

# This is expensive because it uses the whole dataset, so we don't want to do it too often.

if print_loss and i % 1000 == 0:

print( "%i hidden_layers' Loss after iteration %i: %f" %(nn_hdim,i, calculate_loss(model)))

return model

# Build a model with a 3-dimensional hidden layer

#model = build_model(3, print_loss=True)

# Plot the decision boundary

#plot_decision_boundary(lambda x: predict(model, x))

#plt.title("Decision Boundary for hidden layer size 3")

plt.figure(figsize=(16, 32))

hidden_layer_dimensions = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 20, 50]

for i, nn_hdim in enumerate(hidden_layer_dimensions):

plt.subplot(5, 2, i+1)

plt.title('Hidden Layer size %d' % nn_hdim)

model = build_model(nn_hdim)

plot_decision_boundary(lambda x: predict(model, x))

plt.show()