The neocortex has four ‘‘primary’’ areas; each is the cornerstone
of clusters of functionally related areas that include
scores of higher-order areas that act as specialized
processing centers. Three of the primary areas are sensory:
the primary visual (V1), somatosensory (S1), and
auditory (A1) areas, which process primary information received
from the eye/retina (vision), body (somatosensation),
and inner ear/cochlea (audition), respectively. The
fourth primary area is motor (M1), which controls voluntary
movement of body parts.