要在C#中实现一组点的最小外接矩形,可以使用旋转卡壳(Rotating Calipers)算法来解决。该算法的基本思想是,在点集上绕着一个点旋转卡尺,保持卡尺间距不变,直到卡尺夹住点集边界上的两个点,记录此时卡尺的长度。然后,将卡尺旋转一定角度,直到卡尺夹住另外两个点,再记录此时的卡尺长度。重复这个过程直到卡尺夹住了所有的点,最终得到的最小卡尺长度就是最小外接矩形的对角线长度。
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Drawing;
public class RotatingCalipers
{
public static double Distance(PointF p1, PointF p2)
{
double dx = p1.X - p2.X;
double dy = p1.Y - p2.Y;
return Math.Sqrt(dx * dx + dy * dy);
}
public static double AngleBetween(PointF v1, PointF v2)
{
double dotProduct = v1.X * v2.X + v1.Y * v2.Y;
double cosAngle = dotProduct / (Distance(v1, new PointF(0, 0)) * Distance(v2, new PointF(0, 0)));
return Math.Acos(cosAngle);
}
public static List<PointF> GetConvexHull(List<PointF> points)
{
// 这里使用 Jarvis 步进法来计算凸包
List<PointF> hull = new List<PointF>();
int n = points.Count;
if (n < 3) return hull;
int leftMost = 0;
for (int i = 1; i < n; i++)
{
if (points[i].X < points[leftMost].X)
leftMost = i;
}
int p = leftMost, q;
do
{
hull.Add(points[p]);
q = (p + 1) % n;
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
{
if (CrossProduct(points[p], points[i], points[q]) < 0)
q = i;
}
p = q;
} while (p != leftMost);
return hull;
}
public static double CrossProduct(PointF p1, PointF p2, PointF p3)
{
return (p2.X - p1.X) * (p3.Y - p1.Y) - (p2.Y - p1.Y) * (p3.X - p1.X);
}
public static RectangleF FindMinimumBoundingRectangle(List<PointF> points)
{
List<PointF> hull = GetConvexHull(points);
double minArea = double.MaxValue;
RectangleF minBoundingRect = RectangleF.Empty;
for (int i = 0; i < hull.Count; i++)
{
PointF p1 = hull[i];
PointF p2 = hull[(i + 1) % hull.Count];
PointF edge = new PointF(p2.X - p1.X, p2.Y - p1.Y);
PointF perpendicular = new PointF(-edge.Y, edge.X);
double edgeLength = Distance(p1, p2);
double maxProjection = 0;
PointF maxPoint = PointF.Empty;
foreach (var point in hull)
{
double projection = (point.X - p1.X) * perpendicular.X + (point.Y - p1.Y) * perpendicular.Y;
if (projection > maxProjection)
{
maxProjection = projection;
maxPoint = point;
}
}
double height = maxProjection;
double width = Distance(maxPoint, p1);
double area = width * height;
if (area < minArea)
{
minArea = area;
minBoundingRect = new RectangleF(p1, new SizeF((float)width, (float)height));
}
}
return minBoundingRect;
}
}
How to use
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Drawing;
class Program
{
static void Main()
{
// 生成一组随机点
List<PointF> points = GenerateRandomPoints(10);
// 找到这些点的最小外接矩形
RectangleF minBoundingRect = RotatingCalipers.FindMinimumBoundingRectangle(points);
Console.WriteLine("最小外接矩形:" + minBoundingRect);
}
static List<PointF> GenerateRandomPoints(int count)
{
Random rand = new Random();
List<PointF> points = new List<PointF>();
for (int i = 0; i < count; i++)
{
points.Add(new PointF(rand.Next(0, 100), rand.Next(0, 100)));
}
return points;
}
}