格雷编码的生成过程

• G(i) = i ^ (i/2)
• ^表示异或
  来源：LeetCode例题
  如 n = 3:
  G(0) = 000,
  G(1) = 1 ^ 0 = 001 ^ 000 = 001
  G(2) = 2 ^ 1 = 010 ^ 001 = 011
  G(3) = 3 ^ 1 = 011 ^ 001 = 010
  G(4) = 4 ^ 2 = 100 ^ 010 = 110
  G(5) = 5 ^ 2 = 101 ^ 010 = 111
  G(6) = 6 ^ 3 = 110 ^ 011 = 101
  G(7) = 7 ^ 3 = 111 ^ 011 = 100