python提取人物特征_Python进行特征提取的示例代码

#过滤式特征选择

#根据方差进行选择，方差越小，代表该属性识别能力很差，可以剔除

from sklearn.feature_selection import VarianceThreshold

x=[[100,1,2,3],

[100,4,5,6],

[100,7,8,9],

[101,11,12,13]]

selector=VarianceThreshold(1) #方差阈值值，

selector.fit(x)

selector.variances_ #展现属性的方差

selector.transform(x)#进行特征选择

selector.get_support(True) #选择结果后，特征之前的索引

selector.inverse_transform(selector.transform(x)) #将特征选择后的结果还原成原始数据

#被剔除掉的数据，显示为0

#单变量特征选择

from sklearn.feature_selection import SelectKBest,f_classif

x=[[1,2,3,4,5],

[5,4,3,2,1],

[3,3,3,3,3],

[1,1,1,1,1]]

y=[0,1,0,1]

selector=SelectKBest(score_func=f_classif,k=3)#选择3个特征，指标使用的是方差分析F值

selector.fit(x,y)

selector.scores_ #每一个特征的得分

selector.pvalues_

selector.get_support(True) #如果为true，则返回被选出的特征下标，如果选择False，则

#返回的是一个布尔值组成的数组，该数组只是那些特征被选择

selector.transform(x)

#包裹时特征选择

from sklearn.feature_selection import RFE

from sklearn.svm import LinearSVC #选择svm作为评定算法

from sklearn.datasets import load_iris #加载数据集

iris=load_iris()

x=iris.data

y=iris.target

estimator=LinearSVC()

selector=RFE(estimator=estimator,n_features_to_select=2) #选择2个特征

selector.fit(x,y)

selector.n_features_ #给出被选出的特征的数量

selector.support_ #给出了被选择特征的mask

selector.ranking_ #特征排名，被选出特征的排名为1

#注意：特征提取对于预测性能的提升没有必然的联系，接下来进行比较；

from sklearn.feature_selection import RFE

from sklearn.svm import LinearSVC

from sklearn import cross_validation

from sklearn.datasets import load_iris

#加载数据

iris=load_iris()

X=iris.data

y=iris.target

#特征提取

estimator=LinearSVC()

selector=RFE(estimator=estimator,n_features_to_select=2)

X_t=selector.fit_transform(X,y)

#切分测试集与验证集

x_train,x_test,y_train,y_test=cross_validation.train_test_split(X,y,

test_size=0.25,random_state=0,stratify=y)

x_train_t,x_test_t,y_train_t,y_test_t=cross_validation.train_test_split(X_t,y,

test_size=0.25,random_state=0,stratify=y)

clf=LinearSVC()

clf_t=LinearSVC()

clf.fit(x_train,y_train)

clf_t.fit(x_train_t,y_train_t)

print('origin dataset test score:',clf.score(x_test,y_test))

#origin dataset test score: 0.973684210526

print('selected Dataset:test score:',clf_t.score(x_test_t,y_test_t))

#selected Dataset:test score: 0.947368421053

import numpy as np

from sklearn.feature_selection import RFECV

from sklearn.svm import LinearSVC

from sklearn.datasets import load_iris

iris=load_iris()

x=iris.data

y=iris.target

estimator=LinearSVC()

selector=RFECV(estimator=estimator,cv=3)

selector.fit(x,y)

selector.n_features_

selector.support_

selector.ranking_

selector.grid_scores_

#嵌入式特征选择

import numpy as np

from sklearn.feature_selection import SelectFromModel

from sklearn.svm import LinearSVC

from sklearn.datasets import load_digits

digits=load_digits()

x=digits.data

y=digits.target

estimator=LinearSVC(penalty='l1',dual=False)

selector=SelectFromModel(estimator=estimator,threshold='mean')

selector.fit(x,y)

selector.transform(x)

selector.threshold_

selector.get_support(indices=True)

#scikitlearn提供了Pipeline来讲多个学习器组成流水线，通常流水线的形式为：将数据标准化，

#--》特征提取的学习器————》执行预测的学习器，除了最后一个学习器之后，

#前面的所有学习器必须提供transform方法，该方法用于数据转化(如归一化、正则化、

#以及特征提取

#学习器流水线(pipeline)

from sklearn.svm import LinearSVC

from sklearn.datasets import load_digits

from sklearn import cross_validation

from sklearn.linear_model import LogisticRegression

from sklearn.pipeline import Pipeline

def test_Pipeline(data):

x_train,x_test,y_train,y_test=data

steps=[('linear_svm',LinearSVC(C=1,penalty='l1',dual=False)),

('logisticregression',LogisticRegression(C=1))]

pipeline=Pipeline(steps)

pipeline.fit(x_train,y_train)

print('named steps',pipeline.named_steps)

print('pipeline score',pipeline.score(x_test,y_test))

if __name__=='__main__':

data=load_digits()

x=data.data

y=data.target

test_Pipeline(cross_validation.train_test_split(x,y,test_size=0.25,

random_state=0,stratify=y))