java 线程同步的list_java 多线程操作List，已经做了同步synchronized，还会有ConcurrentModificationException，知道为什么吗？...

如题，最近项目里有个模块我做了异步处理方面的事情，在code过程中发现一个颠覆我对synchronized这个关键字和用法的地方，请问各位java开发者们是否对此有一个合理的解释，不多说，我直接贴出问题代码：

(事实证明这是一个坑，各位读者，如果有兴趣，可以先不看答案，自己看看能不能发现这个坑)

import java.util.ArrayList;

import java.util.Collections;

import java.util.List;

import java.util.concurrent.CopyOnWriteArrayList;

public class ConcurrentList {

//private static List TEST_LIST = new CopyOnWriteArrayList();

private static List TEST_LIST = Collections.synchronizedList(new ArrayList());

public static void main(String[] args) {

new Thread(new Runnable() {

@Override

public void run() {

while (true) {

try {

Thread.sleep(100);

} catch (InterruptedException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

synchronized (TEST_LIST) {

TEST_LIST.add("11");

}

System.out.println("Thread1 running");

}

}

}).start();

new Thread(new Runnable() {

@Override

public void run() {

while (true) {

try {

Thread.sleep(100);

} catch (InterruptedException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

synchronized (TEST_LIST) {

for (String at : TEST_LIST) {

TEST_LIST.add("22");

}

}

System.out.println("Thread2 running");

}

}

}).start();

}

}

输出结果是：

Thread1 running

Exception in thread "Thread-1" java.util.ConcurrentModificationException

at java.util.AbstractList$Itr.checkForComodification(AbstractList.java:372)

at java.util.AbstractList$Itr.next(AbstractList.java:343)

at com.free4lab.lol.ConcurrentList$2.run(ConcurrentList.java:40)

at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:619)

Thread1 running

Thread1 running

Thread1 running

Thread1 running

Thread1 running

Thread1 running

Thread1 running

Thread1 running

-----------------------------------分隔线，以下是解释--------------------------------

问题明了了：

以上问题不是并发的问题，是ArrayList的问题，是个坑！且看如下代码，以及运行结果：

import java.util.ArrayList;

import java.util.Collections;

import java.util.List;

import java.util.concurrent.CopyOnWriteArrayList;

public class ConcurrentList {

//private static List TEST_LIST = new CopyOnWriteArrayList();

private static List TEST_LIST = Collections.synchronizedList(new ArrayList());

public static void main(String[] args) {

TEST_LIST.add("111");

TEST_LIST.add("222");

for (String at : TEST_LIST) {

System.out.println(at);

TEST_LIST.add("333");

System.out.println("add over");

}

}

}

结果是：

111

add over

Exception in thread "main" java.util.ConcurrentModificationException

at java.util.AbstractList$Itr.checkForComodification(AbstractList.java:372)

at java.util.AbstractList$Itr.next(AbstractList.java:343)

at com.free4lab.lol.ConcurrentList.main(ConcurrentList.java:15)

分析：我们发现迭代了一次之后就抛出所谓的并发修改异常，不过这里没有多线程，看下源代码就知道了

list.add的时候执行了，修改了modCount，循环外面一次add到第一次迭代不会有问题，因为初始化的时候在AbstractList中int expectedModCount = modCount;，

/**

* Appends the specified element to the end of this list.

*

* @param e element to be appended to this list

* @return true (as specified by {@link Collection#add})

*/

public boolean add(E e) {

ensureCapacity(size + 1); // Increments modCount!!

elementData[size++] = e;

return true;

}

public void ensureCapacity(int minCapacity) {

modCount++;

int oldCapacity = elementData.length;

if (minCapacity > oldCapacity) {

Object oldData[] = elementData;

int newCapacity = (oldCapacity * 3)/2 + 1;

if (newCapacity < minCapacity)

newCapacity = minCapacity;

// minCapacity is usually close to size, so this is a win:

elementData = Arrays.copyOf(elementData, newCapacity);

}

}

public E next() {

checkForComodification();

try {

E next = get(cursor);

lastRet = cursor++;

return next;

} catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException e) {

checkForComodification();

throw new NoSuchElementException();

}

}

这样迭代器next()第一次 checkForComodification() 是不会抛出异常的，第二次才会抛出异常，因为在checkForComodification()里检查了

final void checkForComodification() {

if (modCount != expectedModCount)

throw new ConcurrentModificationException();

}

}

这样，在循环迭代中，进行了一次add操作，修改了modcount变量，再次迭代的时候，异常就throw出来了!

如果非要进行这样的操作，那么声明list为CopyOnWriteArrayList，就ok！因为用了copyonwrite技术

import java.util.ArrayList;

import java.util.Collections;

import java.util.List;

import java.util.concurrent.CopyOnWriteArrayList;

public class ConcurrentList {

private static List TEST_LIST = new CopyOnWriteArrayList();

//private static List TEST_LIST = Collections.synchronizedList(new ArrayList());

public static void main(String[] args) {

TEST_LIST.add("111");

TEST_LIST.add("222");

for (String at : TEST_LIST) {

System.out.println(at);

TEST_LIST.add("333");

System.out.println("add over");

}

}

}

输出是正确的：

111

add over

222

add over

额外再说一点，也可以用iterator迭代，不过同样也无法调用next()方法(我注释掉了)，这样程序就是死循环了，不断的加，不断的迭代。所以我感觉如果需要在迭代中增加元素，真正有用的还是CopyOnWriteArrayList，不过实际中，如果CopyOnWriteArrayList代价太高，可能我们可以申请一个临时list存放，在迭代后合并到主list中！

import java.util.ArrayList;

import java.util.Collections;

import java.util.Iterator;

import java.util.List;

import java.util.concurrent.CopyOnWriteArrayList;

public class ConcurrentList {

//private static List TEST_LIST = new CopyOnWriteArrayList();

private static List TEST_LIST = Collections.synchronizedList(new ArrayList());

public static void main(String[] args) {

TEST_LIST.add("111");

TEST_LIST.add("222");

Iterator iterator = TEST_LIST.iterator();

while(iterator.hasNext()){

//System.out.println(iterator.next());

TEST_LIST.add("333");

System.out.println("add over");

}

}

}