Scala集合之Map

Scala 集合

MAP
初始化
定义 Map 时，需要为键值对定义类型

 val t1="a"->1
val t1: (String, Int) = (a,1)

scala> val t2=("b",2)
val t2: (String, Int) = (b,2)

scala> val t3=Tuple2("c",3)
val t3: (String, Int) = (c,3)

scala> val m=Map(t1,t2,t3)
val m: scala.collection.immutable.Map[String,Int] = Map(a -> 1, b -> 2, c -> 3)

查找值

• Get
  Get 方法返回Option对象，如果见存在于Map对象中，返回Some(value) 值，否则返回None

scala> m.get("a")
val res1: Option[Int] = Some(1)

scala> m.get("z")
val res2: Option[Int] = None

• getorElse
  提供一个默认值

scala> m.getOrElse("z",100)
val res5: Int = 100

scala> m.getOrElse("a",100)
val res6: Int = 1

• Apply
  Apply 方法也提供建做参数，返回键对应的值，类似于getOrElse,但是它不需要主动提供默认值

scala> m.apply("a")
val res7: Int = 1

//处理键不存在的情况，默认default

scala> m.apply("z")
java.util.NoSuchElementException: key not found: z
  at scala.collection.immutable.Map$Map2.apply(Map.scala:298)
  ... 32 elided

• withDefault
  提供了一个默认方法
• withDefaultValue
  提供了一个默认值

scala> val m2= m.withDefaultValue(-1)
val m2: scala.collection.immutable.Map[String,Int] = Map(a -> 1, b -> 1)

scala> m2.apply("z")
val res20: Int = -1


scala> val m3=m.withDefault(_.charAt(0)-'a')
val m3: scala.collection.immutable.Map[String,Int] = Map(a -> 1, b -> 1)

• getOrElseUpdate
  注意
  替换default 方法，不会影响get、contains、iterator、keys原有的逻辑。例如，get不存在的键依然返回None
  包含某个键

- Contains
- isDefinedAt
scala> m.contains("a")
val res34: Boolean = true

scala> m.contains("z")
val res35: Boolean = false

scala> m.isDefinedAt("a")
val res38: Boolean = true

scala> m.isDefinedAt("z")
val res39: Boolean = false

增加新的键值对

• • 增加一个或者多个键值对，返回新的Map对象

scala> m+("d"->4)
val res42: scala.collection.immutable.Map[String,Int] = Map(a -> 1, b -> 1, d -> 4)
scala> m+("e"->5,"f"->6)
        ^
       warning: method + in trait MapOps is deprecated (since 2.13.0): Use ++ with an explicit collection argument instead of + with varargs
val res46: scala.collection.immutable.Map[String,Int] = Map(a -> 1, b -> 1, e -> 5, f -> 6)

• ++ 增加键值对集合，实现批量增加, 如果键已经存在于Map对象中，等同于更新操作

scala> m++Seq("d"->4,"h"->8)
val res43: scala.collection.immutable.Map[String,Int] = Map(a -> 1, b -> 1, d -> 4, h -> 8)

• ++= 可变Map
• += 可变Map
• Put 可变Map

scala> m+=("d"->4)
        ^
       error: value += is not a member of scala.collection.immutable.Map[String,Int]
         Expression does not convert to assignment because receiver is not assignable.

删除键

 - 
 --
 -=
 --=
 remove

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