numpy.c_，numpy.r_与numpy.ravel,numpy.flatten

numpy的ravel() 和 flatten()函数

两者功能

In [14]: x=np.array([[1,2],[3,4]])

# flattenh函数和ravel函数在降维时默认是行序优先
In [15]: x.flatten()
Out[15]: array([1, 2, 3, 4])

In [17]: x.ravel()
Out[17]: array([1, 2, 3, 4])

# 传入'F'参数表示列序优先
In [18]: x.flatten('F')
Out[18]: array([1, 3, 2, 4])

In [19]: x.ravel('F')
Out[19]: array([1, 3, 2, 4])

#reshape函数当参数只有一个-1时表示将数组降为一维
In [21]: x.reshape(-1)
Out[21]: array([1, 2, 3, 4])
#x.T表示x的转置
In [22]: x.T.reshape(-1)
Out[22]: array([1, 3, 2, 4])

两者区别

>>> x = np.array([[1, 2], [3, 4]])
>>> x.flatten()[1] = 100
>>> x
array([[1, 2],
       [3, 4]])            
>>> x.ravel()[1] = 100
>>> x
array([[  1, 100],
       [  3,   4]])

numpy中np.c_和np.r_

import numpy as np
a = np.array([1, 2, 3])
b = np.array([4, 5, 6])
c = np.c_[a,b]

print(np.r_[a,b])
print(c)
print(np.c_[c,a])

out:

[1 2 3 4 5 6]

[[1 4]
 [2 5]
 [3 6]]

[[1 4 1]
 [2 5 2]
 [3 6 3]]