Non-local Neural Networks (NLNet) 是一个用于图像和视频处理的深度学习模型，它在处理长距离的空间关系时表现出色。下面是一个使用 TensorFlow 2 实现的 NLNet 模型的示例代码：
```python
import tensorflow as tf
from tensorflow.keras.layers import Conv2D, BatchNormalization, Activation, Add, Input, Lambda, Concatenate
from tensorflow.keras.models import Model
from tensorflow.keras.regularizers import l2
def non_local_block(x, compression=2, mode='embedded_gaussian', reg=l2(0.)):
'''
Non-local block with optional compression and different modes:
- 'dot_product': dot product similarity (original paper)
- 'embedded_gaussian': embedded Gaussian similarity (default)
- 'concatenation': concatenation-based similarity (not recommended)
'''
# Get input shape and channels
input_shape = tf.shape(x)
channels = input_shape[-1]
# Define theta, phi, and g
theta = Conv2D(channels // compression, 1, use_bias=False, kernel_regularizer=reg)(x)
phi = Conv2D(channels // compression, 1, use_bias=False, kernel_regularizer=reg)(x)
g = Conv2D(channels // compression, 1, use_bias=False, kernel_regularizer=reg)(x)
# Reshape theta and phi to (N, H*W, C')
theta = Lambda(lambda x: tf.reshape(x, (input_shape[0], -1, channels // compression)))(theta)
phi = Lambda(lambda x: tf.reshape(x, (input_shape[0], -1, channels // compression)))(phi)
# Compute similarity between theta and phi
if mode == 'dot_product':
similarity = Lambda(lambda x: tf.matmul(x[0], x[1], transpose_b=True))([theta, phi])
elif mode == 'embedded_gaussian':
theta = Lambda(lambda x: tf.expand_dims(x, 2))(theta)
phi = Lambda(lambda x: tf.expand_dims(x, 1))(phi)
theta_phi = Add()([theta, phi])
f = Conv2D(1, 1, use_bias=False, kernel_regularizer=reg)(theta_phi)
f = Activation('softmax')(f)
similarity = Lambda(lambda x: tf.matmul(x[0], x[1]))([f, g])
elif mode == 'concatenation':
theta_phi = Concatenate(axis=-1)([theta, phi])
h = Conv2D(channels // compression, 1, use_bias=False, kernel_regularizer=reg)(theta_phi)
similarity = Lambda(lambda x: tf.matmul(x[0], x[1], transpose_b=True))([h, g])
# Reshape similarity to (N, H, W, C')
similarity = Lambda(lambda x: tf.reshape(x, (input_shape[0], input_shape[1], input_shape[2], channels // compression)))(similarity)
# Compute output
y = Conv2D(channels, 1, use_bias=False, kernel_regularizer=reg)(similarity)
y = Add()([y, x])
y = BatchNormalization()(y)
y = Activation('relu')(y)
return y
def build_nlnet(input_shape, num_classes, num_blocks=5, compression=2, mode='embedded_gaussian', reg=l2(0.)):
'''
Build NLNet model with optional number of blocks, compression, and mode.
'''
# Define input
inputs = Input(shape=input_shape)
# Initial convolution
x = Conv2D(64, 3, padding='same', use_bias=False, kernel_regularizer=reg)(inputs)
x = BatchNormalization()(x)
x = Activation('relu')(x)
# Non-local blocks
for i in range(num_blocks):
x = non_local_block(x, compression=compression, mode=mode, reg=reg)
# Final convolution and pooling
x = Conv2D(128, 1, use_bias=False, kernel_regularizer=reg)(x)
x = BatchNormalization()(x)
x = Activation('relu')(x)
x = Conv2D(num_classes, 1, use_bias=False, kernel_regularizer=reg)(x)
x = BatchNormalization()(x)
x = Activation('softmax')(x)
x = Lambda(lambda x: tf.reduce_mean(x, axis=(1, 2)))(x)
# Define model
model = Model(inputs=inputs, outputs=x)
return model
```
此代码实现了一个用于图像分类的 NLNet 模型，其中包含多个非局部块。该模型使用可配置的压缩因子和模式，并支持 L2 正则化。要使用此代码，请调用 `build_nlnet()` 函数并传递输入形状、类别数以及其他可选参数。例如：
```python
input_shape = (224, 224, 3)
num_classes = 1000
model = build_nlnet(input_shape, num_classes, num_blocks=5, compression=2, mode='embedded_gaussian', reg=l2(0.0001))
```
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