python doctest简介

1.doctest实现对python函数的测试，用一段官方教程源码介绍：

This is the "example" module.

def factorial(n):  # 阶乘函数
    """Return the factorial of n, an exact integer >= 0.
    # 设定测试内容 >>>是测试内容，下一行设定输出

    """Return the factorial of n, an exact integer >= 0.
       >>> [factorial(n) for n in range(6)]
       [1, 1, 2, 6, 24, 120]
       >>> factorial(5)
       120
       >>> factorial(1e100)
        Traceback (most recent call last):
        OverflowError: n too large

    
    """

    import math
    if not n >= 0:
        raise ValueError("n must be >= 0")
    if math.floor(n) != n:
        raise ValueError("n must be exact integer")
    if n+1 == n:  # catch a value like 1e300
        raise OverflowError("n too large")
    result = 1
    factor = 2
    while factor <= n:
        result *= factor
        factor += 1
    return result


if __name__ == "__main__":
    import doctest
    doctest.testmod()

2.直接运行源码，不报错就没有输出。 

python example.py

3.打印测试过程

$ python example.py -v
# 输出结果：

Trying:
    factorial(5)
Expecting:
    120
ok
Trying:
    [factorial(n) for n in range(6)]
Expecting:
    [1, 1, 2, 6, 24, 120]
ok
Trying:
    factorial(1e100)
Expecting:
     Traceback (most recent call last):
     OverflowError: n too large