对于复杂的驱动,Linux系统要考虑驱动的可重用性,因此有了驱动的分层和分离。诞生了platform设备驱动。
目录标题
一、驱动的分层分离思想
对于不同的平台,有不同的驱动,但对于同一个设备,应该有相同的驱动,让平台驱动和设备驱动相匹配。这样可以减少开发量。因此最终呈现的应该这张图:
1.platform驱动
struct platform_driver {
int (*probe)(struct platform_device *);
int (*remove)(struct platform_device *);
void (*shutdown)(struct platform_device *);
int (*suspend)(struct platform_device *, pm_message_t state);
int (*resume)(struct platform_device *);
struct device_driver driver;
const struct platform_device_id *id_table;
bool prevent_deferred_probe;
};
其中的probe函数非常重要,当设备匹配成功后probe函数会执行,由驱动提供者编写。
定义好结构体后,要在驱动入口函数调用platform_driver_register函数向Linux内核注册一个platform驱动。
在驱动卸载函数中,调用platform_driver_unregister函数卸载platform驱动。
int platform_driver_register(struct platform_driver *driver)
void platform_driver_unregister (struct platform_driver *driver)
2.驱动框架
/* 设备结构体 */
struct xxx_dev{
struct cdev cdev;
/* 设备结构体其他具体内容 */
};
static int xxx_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *filp) {}
static ssize_t xxx_write(struct file *filp, const char __user *buf,
size_t cnt, loff_t *offt){}
static struct file_operations xxx_fops = {
.owner = THIS_MODULE,
.open = xxx_open,
.write = xxx_write,
};
static int xxx_probe(struct platform_device *dev)
{
......
cdev_init(&xxxdev.cdev, &xxx_fops); /* 注册字符设备驱动 */
/* 函数具体内容 */
return 0;
}
static int xxx_remove(struct platform_device *dev)
{
......
cdev_del(&xxxdev.cdev);/* 删除 cdev */
/* 函数具体内容 */
return 0;
}
static const struct of_device_id xxx_of_match[] = {
{ .compatible = "xxx-gpio" },
{ /* Sentinel */ }
};
static struct platform_driver xxx_driver = {
.driver = {
.name = "xxx",
.of_match_table = xxx_of_match,
},
.probe = xxx_probe,
.remove = xxx_remove,
};
static int __init xxxdriver_init(void)
{
return platform_driver_register(&xxx_driver);
}
static void __exit xxxdriver_exit(void)
{
platform_driver_unregister(&xxx_driver);
}
当驱动和设备匹配成功后,probe会执行,以前在init函数的驱动初始化都放在probe里面。
3.platform设备
如果支持设备树就不需要platform设备了,可以用设备树描述。
设备的注册和注销函数如下:
int platform_device_register(struct platform_device *pdev)
void platform_device_unregister(struct platform_device *pdev)
4.platform设备框架
#define PERIPH1_REGISTER_BASE (0X20000000) /* 外设 1 寄存器首地址 */
#define PERIPH2_REGISTER_BASE (0X020E0068) /* 外设 2 寄存器首地址 */
#define REGISTER_LENGTH 4
/*资源*/
static struct resource xxx_resources[] = {
[0] = {
.start = PERIPH1_REGISTER_BASE,
.end = (PERIPH1_REGISTER_BASE + REGISTER_LENGTH - 1),
.flags = IORESOURCE_MEM,
},
[1] = {
.start = PERIPH2_REGISTER_BASE,
.end = (PERIPH2_REGISTER_BASE + REGISTER_LENGTH - 1),
.flags = IORESOURCE_MEM,
},
};
/* platform 设备结构体 */
static struct platform_device xxxdevice = {
.name = "xxx-gpio",
.id = -1,
.num_resources = ARRAY_SIZE(xxx_resources),
.resource = xxx_resources,
};
/* 设备模块加载 */
static int __init xxxdevice_init(void)
{
return platform_device_register(&xxxdevice);
}
/* 设备模块注销 */
static void __exit xxx_resourcesdevice_exit(void)
{
platform_device_unregister(&xxxdevice);
}
二、LEDplatform编写(不带设备树)
1.leddriver
参考newchaled程序,撷取主干
#define LEDDEV_CNT 1 /* 设备号长度 */
#define LEDDEV_NAME "platled" /* 设备名字 */
#define LEDOFF 0
#define LEDON 1
/* 寄存器名 */
static void __iomem *IMX6U_CCM_CCGR1;
static void __iomem *SW_MUX_GPIO1_IO03;
static void __iomem *SW_PAD_GPIO1_IO03;
static void __iomem *GPIO1_DR;
static void __iomem *GPIO1_GDIR;
/* leddev设备结构体 */
struct leddev_dev{
dev_t devid; /* 设备号 */
struct cdev cdev; /* cdev */
struct class *class; /* 类 */
struct device *device; /* 设备 */
int major; /* 主设备号 */
};
struct leddev_dev leddev; /* led设备 */
static int led_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *filp)
{
filp->private_data = &leddev; /* 设置私有数据 */
return 0;
}
static ssize_t led_write(struct file *filp, const char __user *buf, size_t cnt, loff_t *offt)
{
int retvalue;
unsigned char databuf[1];
unsigned char ledstat;
retvalue = copy_from_user(databuf, buf, cnt);
return 0;
}
/* 设备操作函数 */
static struct file_operations led_fops = {
.owner = THIS_MODULE,
.open = led_open,
.write = led_write,
};
/*
* @description : flatform驱动的probe函数,当驱动与设备匹配以后此函数就会执行
* @param - dev : platform设备
* @return : 0,成功;其他负值,失败
*/
static int led_probe(struct platform_device *dev)
{
int i = 0;
int ressize[5];
u32 val = 0;
struct resource *ledsource[5];
printk("led driver and device has matched!\r\n");
/* 1、获取资源 */
for (i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
ledsource[i] = platform_get_resource(dev, IORESOURCE_MEM, i); /* 依次MEM类型资源 */
if (!ledsource[i]) {
dev_err(&dev->dev, "No MEM resource for always on\n");
return -ENXIO;
}
ressize[i] = resource_size(ledsource[i]);
}
/* 2、初始化LED */
/* 寄存器地址映射 */
IMX6U_CCM_CCGR1 = ioremap(ledsource[0]->start, ressize[0]);
SW_MUX_GPIO1_IO03 = ioremap(ledsource[1]->start, ressize[1]);
SW_PAD_GPIO1_IO03 = ioremap(ledsource[2]->start, ressize[2]);
GPIO1_DR = ioremap(ledsource[3]->start, ressize[3]);
GPIO1_GDIR = ioremap(ledsource[4]->start, ressize[4]);
val = readl(IMX6U_CCM_CCGR1);
val &= ~(3 << 26); /* 清除以前的设置 */
val |= (3 << 26); /* 设置新值 */
writel(val, IMX6U_CCM_CCGR1);
/* 设置GPIO1_IO03复用功能,将其复用为GPIO1_IO03 */
writel(5, SW_MUX_GPIO1_IO03);
writel(0x10B0, SW_PAD_GPIO1_IO03);
/* 设置GPIO1_IO03为输出功能 */
val = readl(GPIO1_GDIR);
val &= ~(1 << 3); /* 清除以前的设置 */
val |= (1 << 3); /* 设置为输出 */
writel(val, GPIO1_GDIR);
/* 默认关闭LED1 */
val = readl(GPIO1_DR);
val |= (1 << 3) ;
writel(val, GPIO1_DR);
/* 注册字符设备驱动 */
/*1、创建设备号 */
if (leddev.major) { /* 定义了设备号 */
leddev.devid = MKDEV(leddev.major, 0);
register_chrdev_region(leddev.devid, LEDDEV_CNT, LEDDEV_NAME);
} else { /* 没有定义设备号 */
alloc_chrdev_region(&leddev.devid, 0, LEDDEV_CNT, LEDDEV_NAME); /* 申请设备号 */
leddev.major = MAJOR(leddev.devid); /* 获取分配号的主设备号 */
}
/* 2、初始化cdev */
leddev.cdev.owner = THIS_MODULE;
cdev_init(&leddev.cdev, &led_fops);
/* 3、添加一个cdev */
cdev_add(&leddev.cdev, leddev.devid, LEDDEV_CNT);
/* 4、创建类 */
leddev.class = class_create(THIS_MODULE, LEDDEV_NAME);
if (IS_ERR(leddev.class)) {
return PTR_ERR(leddev.class);
}
/* 5、创建设备 */
leddev.device = device_create(leddev.class, NULL, leddev.devid, NULL, LEDDEV_NAME);
if (IS_ERR(leddev.device)) {
return PTR_ERR(leddev.device);
}
return 0;
}
/*
* @description : platform驱动的remove函数,移除platform驱动的时候此函数会执行
* @param - dev : platform设备
* @return : 0,成功;其他负值,失败
*/
static int led_remove(struct platform_device *dev)
{
iounmap(IMX6U_CCM_CCGR1);
iounmap(SW_MUX_GPIO1_IO03);
iounmap(SW_PAD_GPIO1_IO03);
iounmap(GPIO1_DR);
iounmap(GPIO1_GDIR);
cdev_del(&leddev.cdev);/* 删除cdev */
unregister_chrdev_region(leddev.devid, LEDDEV_CNT); /* 注销设备号 */
device_destroy(leddev.class, leddev.devid);
class_destroy(leddev.class);
return 0;
}
/* platform驱动结构体 */
static struct platform_driver led_driver = {
.driver = {
.name = "imx6ul-led", /* 驱动名字,用于和设备匹配 */
},
.probe = led_probe,
.remove = led_remove,
};
static int __init leddriver_init(void)
{
return platform_driver_register(&led_driver);
}
static void __exit leddriver_exit(void)
{
platform_driver_unregister(&led_driver);
}
module_init(leddriver_init);
module_exit(leddriver_exit);
2.leddevice
/*
* 寄存器地址定义
*/
#define CCM_CCGR1_BASE (0X020C406C)
#define SW_MUX_GPIO1_IO03_BASE (0X020E0068)
#define SW_PAD_GPIO1_IO03_BASE (0X020E02F4)
#define GPIO1_DR_BASE (0X0209C000)
#define GPIO1_GDIR_BASE (0X0209C004)
#define REGISTER_LENGTH 4
/* @description : 释放flatform设备模块的时候此函数会执行
* @param - dev : 要释放的设备
* @return : 无
*/
static void led_release(struct device *dev)
{
printk("led device released!\r\n");
}
/*
* 设备资源信息,也就是LED0所使用的所有寄存器
*/
static struct resource led_resources[] = {
[0] = {
.start = CCM_CCGR1_BASE,
.end = (CCM_CCGR1_BASE + REGISTER_LENGTH - 1),
.flags = IORESOURCE_MEM,
},
[1] = {
.start = SW_MUX_GPIO1_IO03_BASE,
.end = (SW_MUX_GPIO1_IO03_BASE + REGISTER_LENGTH - 1),
.flags = IORESOURCE_MEM,
},
[2] = {
.start = SW_PAD_GPIO1_IO03_BASE,
.end = (SW_PAD_GPIO1_IO03_BASE + REGISTER_LENGTH - 1),
.flags = IORESOURCE_MEM,
},
[3] = {
.start = GPIO1_DR_BASE,
.end = (GPIO1_DR_BASE + REGISTER_LENGTH - 1),
.flags = IORESOURCE_MEM,
},
[4] = {
.start = GPIO1_GDIR_BASE,
.end = (GPIO1_GDIR_BASE + REGISTER_LENGTH - 1),
.flags = IORESOURCE_MEM,
},
};
/*
* platform设备结构体
*/
static struct platform_device leddevice = {
.name = "imx6ul-led",
.id = -1,
.dev = {
.release = &led_release,
},
.num_resources = ARRAY_SIZE(led_resources),
.resource = led_resources,
};
static int __init leddevice_init(void)
{
return platform_device_register(&leddevice);
}
static void __exit leddevice_exit(void)
{
platform_device_unregister(&leddevice);
}
module_init(leddevice_init);
module_exit(leddevice_exit);
三、带设备树
带设备树可以不要leddevice,直接用设备树描述设备。用设备树的属性匹配
#define LEDDEV_CNT 1 /* 设备号长度 */
#define LEDDEV_NAME "dtsplatled" /* 设备名字 */
#define LEDOFF 0
#define LEDON 1
/* leddev设备结构体 */
struct leddev_dev{
dev_t devid; /* 设备号 */
struct cdev cdev; /* cdev */
struct class *class; /* 类 */
struct device *device; /* 设备 */
int major; /* 主设备号 */
struct device_node *node; /* LED设备节点 */
int led0; /* LED灯GPIO标号 */
};
struct leddev_dev leddev; /* led设备 */
static int led_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *filp)
{
filp->private_data = &leddev; /* 设置私有数据 */
return 0;
}
static ssize_t led_write(struct file *filp, const char __user *buf, size_t cnt, loff_t *offt)
{
int retvalue;
unsigned char databuf[2];
unsigned char ledstat;
retvalue = copy_from_user(databuf, buf, cnt);
return 0;
}
/* 设备操作函数 */
static struct file_operations led_fops = {
.owner = THIS_MODULE,
.open = led_open,
.write = led_write,
};
/*
* @description : flatform驱动的probe函数,当驱动与
* 设备匹配以后此函数就会执行
* @param - dev : platform设备
* @return : 0,成功;其他负值,失败
*/
static int led_probe(struct platform_device *dev)
{
printk("led driver and device was matched!\r\n");
/* 1、设置设备号 */
if (leddev.major) {
leddev.devid = MKDEV(leddev.major, 0);
register_chrdev_region(leddev.devid, LEDDEV_CNT, LEDDEV_NAME);
} else {
alloc_chrdev_region(&leddev.devid, 0, LEDDEV_CNT, LEDDEV_NAME);
leddev.major = MAJOR(leddev.devid);
}
/* 2、注册设备 */
cdev_init(&leddev.cdev, &led_fops);
cdev_add(&leddev.cdev, leddev.devid, LEDDEV_CNT);
/* 3、创建类 */
leddev.class = class_create(THIS_MODULE, LEDDEV_NAME);
if (IS_ERR(leddev.class)) {
return PTR_ERR(leddev.class);
}
/* 4、创建设备 */
leddev.device = device_create(leddev.class, NULL, leddev.devid, NULL, LEDDEV_NAME);
if (IS_ERR(leddev.device)) {
return PTR_ERR(leddev.device);
}
/* 5、初始化IO */
leddev.node = of_find_node_by_path("/gpioled");
if (leddev.node == NULL){
printk("gpioled node nost find!\r\n");
return -EINVAL;
}
leddev.led0 = of_get_named_gpio(leddev.node, "led-gpio", 0);
if (leddev.led0 < 0) {
printk("can't get led-gpio\r\n");
return -EINVAL;
}
gpio_request(leddev.led0, "led0");
gpio_direction_output(leddev.led0, 1); /* led0 IO设置为输出,默认高电平 */
return 0;
}
/*
* @description : platform驱动的remove函数,移除platform驱动的时候此函数会执行
* @param - dev : platform设备
* @return : 0,成功;其他负值,失败
*/
static int led_remove(struct platform_device *dev)
{
gpio_set_value(leddev.led0, 1); /* 卸载驱动的时候关闭LED */
cdev_del(&leddev.cdev); /* 删除cdev */
unregister_chrdev_region(leddev.devid, LEDDEV_CNT); /* 注销设备号 */
device_destroy(leddev.class, leddev.devid);
class_destroy(leddev.class);
return 0;
}
/* 匹配列表 */
static const struct of_device_id led_of_match[] = {
{ .compatible = "atkalpha-gpioled" },
{ /* Sentinel */ }
};
/* platform驱动结构体 */
static struct platform_driver led_driver = {
.driver = {
.name = "imx6ul-led", /* 驱动名字,用于和设备匹配 */
.of_match_table = led_of_match, /* 设备树匹配表 */
},
.probe = led_probe,
.remove = led_remove,
};
static int __init leddriver_init(void)
{
return platform_driver_register(&led_driver);
}
static void __exit leddriver_exit(void)
{
platform_driver_unregister(&led_driver);
}
module_init(leddriver_init);
module_exit(leddriver_exit);
和不带设备树的驱动差不多。这里多了匹配列表,用来和设备树相匹配。
四、编译测试
参考第四章