从头开始opencv（四）——core:Mask operations on matrices

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  Mask operations on matrices are quite simple. The idea is that we recalculate each pixels value in an image according to a mask matrix (also known as kernel). This mask holds values that will adjust how much influence neighboring pixels (and the current pixel) have on the new pixel value. From a mathematical point of view we make a weighted average, with our specified values.

  对矩阵进行mask operations操作非常简单。核心思想：我们根据mask matrix(或者说kernel)来对图像中的每一个像素点进行新值的计算。mask中保存的值（根据他们对相邻和当前像素的影响大小来决定这些矩阵中的值）。

our test case

  在本篇文章中，我们讨论图像对比度增强的方法。

#include <opencv2/imgcodecs.hpp>
#include <opencv2/highgui.hpp>
#include <opencv2/imgproc.hpp>
#include <iostream>

using namespace std;
using namespace cv;

static void help(char* progName)
{
    cout << endl
        << "This program shows how to filter images with mask: the write it yourself and the"
        << "filter2d way. " << endl
        << "Usage:" << endl
        << progName << " [image_path -- default ../data/lena.jpg] [G -- grayscale] " << endl << endl;
}


void Sharpen(const Mat& myImage, Mat& Result);

int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
    help(argv[0]);
    const char* filename = argc >= 2 ? argv[1] : "D:/0PKU/opencv/test.jpg";

    Mat src, dst0, dst1;

    if (argc >= 3 && !strcmp("G", argv[2]))
        src = imread(filename, IMREAD_GRAYSCALE);
    else
        src = imread(filename, IMREAD_COLOR);

    if (src.empty())
    {
        cerr << "Can't open image [" << filename << "]" << endl;
        return -1;
    }

    namedWindow("Input", WINDOW_AUTOSIZE);
    namedWindow("Output", WINDOW_AUTOSIZE);

    imshow("Input", src);
    double t = (double)getTickCount();

    Sharpen(src, dst0);

    t = ((double)getTickCount() - t) / getTickFrequency();
    cout << "Hand written function time passed in seconds: " << t << endl;

    imshow("Output", dst0);
    waitKey();

    //![kern]
    Mat kernel = (Mat_<char>(3, 3) << 0, -1, 0,
        -1, 5, -1,
        0, -1, 0);
    //![kern]

    t = (double)getTickCount();

    //![filter2D]
    filter2D(src, dst1, src.depth(), kernel);
    //![filter2D]
    t = ((double)getTickCount() - t) / getTickFrequency();
    cout << "Built-in filter2D time passed in seconds:     " << t << endl;

    imshow("Output", dst1);

    waitKey();
    return 0;
}
//! [basic_method]
void Sharpen(const Mat& myImage, Mat& Result)
{
    //! [8_bit]
    CV_Assert(myImage.depth() == CV_8U);  // accept only uchar images
  //! [8_bit]

  //! [create_channels]
    const int nChannels = myImage.channels();
    Result.create(myImage.size(), myImage.type());
    //! [create_channels]

    //! [basic_method_loop]
    for (int j = 1; j < myImage.rows - 1; ++j)
    {
        const uchar* previous = myImage.ptr<uchar>(j - 1);
        const uchar* current = myImage.ptr<uchar>(j);
        const uchar* next = myImage.ptr<uchar>(j + 1);

        uchar* output = Result.ptr<uchar>(j);

        for (int i = nChannels; i < nChannels * (myImage.cols - 1); ++i)
        {
            *output++ = saturate_cast<uchar>(5 * current[i]
                - current[i - nChannels] - current[i + nChannels] - previous[i] - next[i]);
        }
    }
    //! [basic_method_loop]

    //! [borders]
    Result.row(0).setTo(Scalar(0));
    Result.row(Result.rows - 1).setTo(Scalar(0));
    Result.col(0).setTo(Scalar(0));
    Result.col(Result.cols - 1).setTo(Scalar(0));
    //! [borders]
}
//! [basic_method]

The Basic Method

void Sharpen(const Mat& myImage,Mat& Result)
{
    CV_Assert(myImage.depth() == CV_8U);  // accept only uchar images
    const int nChannels = myImage.channels();
    Result.create(myImage.size(),myImage.type());
    for(int j = 1 ; j < myImage.rows-1; ++j)
    {
        const uchar* previous = myImage.ptr<uchar>(j - 1);
        const uchar* current  = myImage.ptr<uchar>(j    );
        const uchar* next     = myImage.ptr<uchar>(j + 1);
        uchar* output = Result.ptr<uchar>(j);
        for(int i= nChannels;i < nChannels*(myImage.cols-1); ++i)
        {
            *output++ = saturate_cast<uchar>(5*current[i]
                         -current[i-nChannels] - current[i+nChannels] - previous[i] - next[i]);
        }
    }
    Result.row(0).setTo(Scalar(0));
    Result.row(Result.rows-1).setTo(Scalar(0));
    Result.col(0).setTo(Scalar(0));
    Result.col(Result.cols-1).setTo(Scalar(0));
}

  可以发现，这种方法比普通的C++方法方便了很多。

The filter2D function

参考资料

    Mat kernel = (Mat_<char>(3,3) <<  0, -1,  0,
                                   -1,  5, -1,
                                    0, -1,  0);
    filter2D( src, dst1, src.depth(), kernel );                             

  好用极了！

定义：

void cv::filter2D( InputArray _src, OutputArray _dst, int ddepth,
                   InputArray _kernel, Point anchor0,
                   double delta, int borderType )

  (路径：opencv-3.4.1/modules/imgproc/filter.cpp)

函数原型：

void cv::filter2D( InputArray _src, OutputArray _dst, int ddepth,
                   InputArray _kernel, Point anchor0,
                   double delta, int borderType )
{
  //opencv的profiling,可以在内部追踪函数执行状况,默认情况下是关闭的,不会产生性能开销.
    CV_INSTRUMENT_REGION()
//若平台支持OpenCL则使用OpenCL执行
    CV_OCL_RUN(_dst.isUMat() && _src.dims() <= 2,
               ocl_filter2D(_src, _dst, ddepth, _kernel, anchor0, delta, borderType))
//将传入的参数转换为Mat结构
    Mat src = _src.getMat(), kernel = _kernel.getMat();
//在api说明中知道调用cv::filter2D是允许将ddepth设置小于0的
    if( ddepth < 0 )
        ddepth = src.depth();
//为函数输出创建Mat结构
    _dst.create( src.size(), CV_MAKETYPE(ddepth, src.channels()) );
    Mat dst = _dst.getMat();
    Point anchor = normalizeAnchor(anchor0, kernel.size());
//计算src在进行了边界填充后的数组中的位置
    Point ofs;
    Size wsz(src.cols, src.rows);
    if( (borderType & BORDER_ISOLATED) == 0 )
        src.locateROI( wsz, ofs );

//调用hal命名空间下的filter2D函数
    hal::filter2D(src.type(), dst.type(), kernel.type(),
                  src.data, src.step, dst.data, dst.step,
                  dst.cols, dst.rows, wsz.width, wsz.height, ofs.x, ofs.y,
                  kernel.data, kernel.step,  kernel.cols, kernel.rows,
                  anchor.x, anchor.y,
                  delta, borderType, src.isSubmatrix());
}

  从cv::filter2D代码的组织形式看，opencv是优先使用opencl的，可以推测，opencv中opencl的实现性能是比较优秀的(整体来说，源码没太看懂，涉及到知识盲区了）。