ubuntu20.04安装OpenCV4.3.0

一、安装步骤

1.下载源文件

可以在官网下载相应版本的OpenCV，也可以上GitHub下载。
主要下载两个文件OpenCV和OpenCV_contrib。

OpenCV4.3.0下载地址 github

OpenCV_contrib4.3.0下载地址 github

2.安装依赖

2.1 先更新系统

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade

2.2 安装编译环境和依赖库

sudo apt-get install build-essential #如果已经安装过build-essential，则该步骤省略
sudo apt-get install build-essential libgtk2.0-dev libgtk-3-dev libavcodec-dev libavformat-dev libjpeg-dev libswscale-dev libtiff5-dev

2.3 支持Python

# python3支持
sudo apt install python3-dev python3-numpy
# streamer支持
sudo apt install libgstreamer-plugins-base1.0-dev libgstreamer1.0-dev
# 其他依赖
sudo apt install libtbb2 libtbb-dev libjpeg-dev libpng-dev libtiff-dev libjasper-dev libdc1394-22-dev libwebp-dev

2.4 可能遇到的问题
其中可能遇见无法安装libjasper-dev的问题，类似下面的页面

XXX@XXX:~/Files/opencv-4.3.0$ sudo apt-get install libjasper-dev
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
E: Unable to locate package libjasper-dev

解决方案：

sudo add-apt-repository "deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security main"
sudo apt update
sudo apt install libjasper1 libjasper-dev

其中libjasper1是libjasper-dev的依赖包，可以完成所有依赖包的安装操作。

3.编译

3.1将源代码进行解压

sudo tar -zxf opencv-4.3.0.tar.gz
sudo tar -zxf opencv_contrib4.3.0.tar.gz

3.2 在opencv-4.3.0目录下新建一个build文件夹

cd opencv-4.3.0
mkdir build
cd build

3.3 cmake一下
这里我修改了安装路径为/usr/local/opencv4,可以自己修改到自己需要的位置,如果该命令中不加-D CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/opencv4,则默认各部分分别安装在/usr/local/目录的include/ bin/ lib/3个文件夹下。

命令说明：

• 注意OPENCV_EXTRA_MODULES_PATH 要根据你的实际情况转变，把它换成你的 contrib 目录下的 modules 目录，在我的电脑上这个目录是…/opencv3.4.12_contrib/modules, 此外，命令的最后两个.不能落掉

• -D OPENCV_GENERATE_PKGCONFIG=YES：OpenCV4以上版本默认不使用pkg-config，该编译选项开启生成opencv4.pc文件，支持pkg-config功能。

• -D CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/opencv4：指定安装目录。

cmake -D CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -D OPENCV_GENERATE_PKGCONFIG=YES -D INSTALL_PYTHON_EXAMPLES=ON -D INSTALL_C_EXAMPLES=ON -D OPENCV_EXTRA_MODULES_PATH=/home/nash/Desktop/opencv4/opencv_contrib-4.3.0/modules -D BUILD_EXAMPLES=ON  -D CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/opencv4 ..

该cmake命令的结果里可以查看是否支持Python：

--   Python 2:
--     Interpreter:                 /usr/bin/python2.7 (ver 2.7.6)
--     Libraries:                   /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython2.7.so (ver 2.7.6)
--     numpy:                       /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/numpy/core/include (ver 1.8.2)
--     packages path:               lib/python2.7/dist-packages
--
--   Python 3:
--     Interpreter:                 /usr/bin/python3.4 (ver 3.4.3)
--     Libraries:                   /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.4m.so (ver 3.4.3)
--     numpy:                       /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/numpy/core/include (ver 1.8.2)
--     packages path:               lib/python3.4/dist-packages

表明已经建立了Python绑定。（如果只选择了python3，则该输出结果里只有python3部分）

3.4 进行make编译，可能需要很久，静静等待。

sudo make -j$(nproc)

make -jn表示用n个系统内核进行编译，如果你知道自己的系统内核数目可以手写，如make -j4 make -j8等，如果不知道就可以使用make -j$(nproc)来自动获取内核数量。
有时候使用使用多线程编译会出现一些错误，为了求稳可以直接使用sudo make, 但是这样会慢一些

可能出现的错误

Makefile:162:recipe for target ‘all’ failed
make:*** [all] Error 2

原因
出现问题的原因是因为boostdesc_bgm.i等文件没有下载成功。我们到opencv/build/下的CMakeDownLog.txt中可以看到下载失败的信息，在该文件中还提供了下载链接。

解决方法
主要是2个位置的文件下载有问题：
①opencv/.cache/xfeatures2d/boostdesc
②opencv/.cache/xfeatures2d/vgg
cd到对应文件夹下，里面的文件是0K，然后用下载好的文件覆盖即可。

注：重新make前cmake一下。
具体看这里
文件下载
3.5 make install

sudo make install

到这一步代表opencv安装成功，若第4步或第5步中间问题，可以在重新make前cmake一下。实在不放心就直接删除bulid文件夹，并从建立build文件夹开始重新走一遍。

二、OpenCV配置环境

1.pkg-config环境

1.1配置OpenCV 的 pgk-config环境

找到opencv4.pc文件所在目录：

#一般在/usr/local/opencv4/lib/pkgconfig/opencv4.pc
#没找到可通过find命令查找
$ sudo find / -iname opencv4.pc

将/usr/local/opencv4/lib/pkgconfig/路径加入PKG_CONFIG_PATH：

#打开pkgconfig.sh
$ sudo vim /etc/profile.d/pkgconfig.sh
#在文件中加入下面一行：
export PKG_CONFIG_PATH=/usr/local/opencv4/lib/pkgconfig:$PKG_CONFIG_PATH
#保存退出后，使用命令激活：
$source /etc/profile

验证是否配置成功：

$ pkg-config --libs opencv4
-L/usr/local/opencv4/lib -lopencv_ml -lopencv_dnn -lopencv_video -lopencv_stitching -lopencv_objdetect -lopencv_calib3d -lopencv_features2d -lopencv_highgui -lopencv_videoio -lopencv_imgcodecs -lopencv_flann -lopencv_photo -lopencv_gapi -lopencv_imgproc -lopencv_core

存在问题
问题解决了，重启一下机器就行，在所有环境生效
这样配置的环境变量只能在该终端生效，切换终端或者退出该roo权限则失效，需要重新执行下面的命令

$source /etc/profile

替代方案
配置系统bash

sudo vim /etc/bash.bashrc

在文末添加

PKG_CONFIG_PATH=$PKG_CONFIG_PATH:/usr/local/opencv4/lib/pkgconfig
export PKG_CONFIG_PATH

如下：

# if the command-not-found package is installed, use it
if [ -x /usr/lib/command-not-found -o -x /usr/share/command-not-found/command-not-found ]; then
        function command_not_found_handle {
                # check because c-n-f could've been removed in the meantime
                if [ -x /usr/lib/command-not-found ]; then
                   /usr/lib/command-not-found -- "$1"
                   return $?
                elif [ -x /usr/share/command-not-found/command-not-found ]; then
                   /usr/share/command-not-found/command-not-found -- "$1"
                   return $?
                else
                   printf "%s: command not found\n" "$1" >&2
                   return 127
                fi
        }
fi
PKG_CONFIG_PATH=$PKG_CONFIG_PATH:/usr/local/opencv4/lib/pkgconfig
export PKG_CONFIG_PATH

保存退出，然后执行如下命令使配置生效

source /etc/bash.bashrc

可以使用以下命令查看是否安装和配置成功

pkg-config --modversion opencv4
pkg-config --cflags opencv4
pkg-config --libs opencv4

结果如下：

nash@fossa:~/Desktop/opencv4/opencv-4.3.0/samples/cpp/example_cmake$ pkg-config --modversion opencv4
4.3.0
nash@fossa:~/Desktop/opencv4/opencv-4.3.0/samples/cpp/example_cmake$ pkg-config --cflags opencv4
-I/usr/local/opencv4/include/opencv4/opencv -I/usr/local/opencv4/include/opencv4
nash@fossa:~/Desktop/opencv4/opencv-4.3.0/samples/cpp/example_cmake$ pkg-config --libs opencv4
-L/usr/local/opencv4/lib -lopencv_gapi -lopencv_stitching -lopencv_alphamat -lopencv_aruco -lopencv_bgsegm -lopencv_bioinspired -lopencv_ccalib -lopencv_dnn_objdetect -lopencv_dnn_superres -lopencv_dpm -lopencv_highgui -lopencv_face -lopencv_freetype -lopencv_fuzzy -lopencv_hdf -lopencv_hfs -lopencv_img_hash -lopencv_intensity_transform -lopencv_line_descriptor -lopencv_quality -lopencv_rapid -lopencv_reg -lopencv_rgbd -lopencv_saliency -lopencv_stereo -lopencv_structured_light -lopencv_phase_unwrapping -lopencv_superres -lopencv_optflow -lopencv_surface_matching -lopencv_tracking -lopencv_datasets -lopencv_text -lopencv_dnn -lopencv_plot -lopencv_videostab -lopencv_videoio -lopencv_viz -lopencv_xfeatures2d -lopencv_shape -lopencv_ml -lopencv_ximgproc -lopencv_video -lopencv_xobjdetect -lopencv_objdetect -lopencv_calib3d -lopencv_imgcodecs -lopencv_features2d -lopencv_flann -lopencv_xphoto -lopencv_photo -lopencv_imgproc -lopencv_core
nash@fossa:~/Desktop/opencv4/opencv-4.3.0/samples/cpp/example_cmake$ 

2.动态库环境

#配置OpenCV动态库环境——程序执行时加载动态库*.so的路径。
$ sudo vim /etc/ld.so.conf.d/opencv4.conf
#在该文件（可能是空文件）末尾加上：
/usr/local/opencv4/lib
#再执行以下命令使刚才配置的路径生效：
$ sudo ldconfig

3.python-opencv环境

找到编译好的python cv库：

$sudo find / -iname cv2*.so
$sudo find / -iname cv2*.so
/home/XXX/Downloads/opencv-4.1.1/build/lib/python3/cv2.cpython-35m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so
/usr/local/opencv4/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/cv2/python-3.5/cv2.cpython-35m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so

cv2.cpython-35m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so就是编译好的python3的opencv库，我们把它复制到对应python解释器的/path/to/dist-packages/(系统自带的python解释器)和/path/to/site-packages(用户安装的python解释器)目录下，之后就能在该python解释器中使用python-opencv库。

链接到系统自带的python3解释器中：

sudo ln -s /usr/local/opencv4/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/cv2/python-3.5/cv2.cpython-35m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/cv2.so

链接到Anaconda创建的虚拟环境python3解释器中：

ln -s /usr/local/opencv4/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/cv2/python-3.5/cv2.cpython-35m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so ~/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/cv2.so

三、测试OpenCV

环境配置完成，对我们安装的OpenCV进行测试：

cd 到/opencv-4.3.0/samples/cpp/example_cmake目录下，查看当前目录内容：

nash@fossa:~/Desktop/opencv4/opencv-4.3.0/samples/cpp/example_cmake$ ls -l
总用量 12
-rw-rw-r-- 1 nash nash  943 4月   3  2020 CMakeLists.txt
-rw-rw-r-- 1 nash nash 1119 4月   3  2020 example.cpp
-rw-rw-r-- 1 nash nash  281 4月   3  2020 Makefile

有两种方式进行测试：

1.通过Makefile测试

因为OpenCV 4.0需要C++11支持，且生成的pkg-config文件名为opencv4.pc，所以需要对当前目录下的Malefile文件进行修改：

$ vim Makefile

修改后的内容为：

CXX ?= g++
 
CXXFLAGS += -c -std=c++11 -Wall $(shell pkg-config --cflags opencv4)
LDFLAGS += $(shell pkg-config --libs --static opencv4)

all: opencv_example

opencv_example: example.o; $(CXX) $< -o $@ $(LDFLAGS)

%.o: %.cpp; $(CXX) $< -o $@ $(CXXFLAGS)

clean: ; rm -f example.o opencv_example

执行make命令生成可执行文件opencv_example：

$ ./opencv_example

2.通过Cmake测试

因为我们更改了opencv的安装路径（/usr/local/opencv4），所以测试前我们需要在CMakeLists.txt文件的10行find_package(OpenCV REQUIRED)前面加上

set(OpenCV_DIR /usr/local/opencv4/lib/cmake/opencv4)

如下：

1 # cmake needs tis line
  2 cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.1)
  3 
  4 # Define project name
  5 project(opencv_example_project)
  6 
  7 # Find OpenCV, you may need to set OpenCV_DIR variable
  8 # to the absolute path to the directory containing OpenCVConfig.cmake file
  9 # via the command line or GUI
 10 set(OpenCV_DIR /usr/local/opencv4/lib/cmake/opencv4)
 11 find_package(OpenCV REQUIRED)
 12 
 13 # If the package has been found, several variables will
 14 # be set, you can find the full list with descriptions
 15 # in the OpenCVConfig.cmake file.
 16 # Print some message showing some of them
 17 message(STATUS "OpenCV library status:")
 18 message(STATUS "    config: ${OpenCV_DIR}")
 19 message(STATUS "    version: ${OpenCV_VERSION}")
 20 message(STATUS "    libraries: ${OpenCV_LIBS}")
 21 message(STATUS "    include path: ${OpenCV_INCLUDE_DIRS}")
 22 
 23 # Declare the executable target built from your sources
 24 add_executable(opencv_example example.cpp)
 25 
 26 # Link your application with OpenCV libraries
 27 target_link_libraries(opencv_example PRIVATE ${OpenCV_LIBS})

修改后，执行命令：

$ mkdir build && cd build
$ cmake ..
$ make
$ ./opencv_example

3.python-opencv测试

前面已经将Python-opencv库链接到系统自带python3中，所以简单的测试如下：

#python3
$ nash@fossa:~$ python
Python 3.8.5 (default, Jan 27 2021, 15:41:15) 
[GCC 9.3.0] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import cv2 as cv
>>> print(cv.__version__)
4.3.0
>>> 
#python2
nash@fossa:~$ python2.7
Python 2.7.18 (default, Mar  8 2021, 13:02:45) 
[GCC 9.3.0] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import cv2 as cv
>>> print(cv.__version__)
4.3.0
>>>