matlab一维otsu算法,[转载]matlab graythresh()函数（Otsu算法）

Otsu算法步骤如下：

设图象包含L个灰度级(0,1…,L-1)，灰度值为i的的象素点数为Ni

，图象总的象素点数为N=N0+N1+...+N(L-1)。灰度值为i的点的概率为：

P(i) = N(i)/N.

门限t将整幅图象分为暗区c1和亮区c2两类，则类间方差σ是t的函数：

σ=a1*a2(u1-u2)^2 (2)

式中，aj 为类cj的面积与图象总面积之比，a1 = sum(P(i)) i->t, a2 =

1-a1; uj为类cj的均值，u1 = sum(i*P(i))/a1 0->t,

u2 = sum(i*P(i))/a2, t+1->L-1

该法选择最佳门限t^ 使类间方差最大，即：

令Δu=u1-u2，σb = max{a1(t)*a2(t)Δu^2}

代码实现：

int otsu (IplImage *image, int rows, int cols, int x0, int y0, int

dx, int dy, int vvv)

{

unsigned char *np; // 图像指针

int thresholdValue=1; // 阈值

int ihist[256]; // 图像直方图，256个点

int i, j, k; // various counters

int n, n1, n2, gmin, gmax;

double m1, m2, sum, csum, fmax, sb;

// 对直方图置零

memset(ihist, 0, sizeof(ihist));

gmin=255; gmax=0;

// 生成直方图

for(j=y0;j

{

for(i=0;i

{

unsigned char temp=CV_IMAGE_ELEM(image,uchar,j,i);

ihist[temp]++;

}

}

// set up everything

sum = csum = 0.0;

n = 0;

for (k = 0; k <= 255; k++) {

sum += (double) k * (double) ihist[k];

n += ihist[k];

}

if (!n) {

// if n has no value, there is problems

fprintf (stderr, "NOT NORMAL thresholdValue = 160n");

return (160);

}

// do the otsu global thresholding method

fmax = -1.0;

n1 = 0;

for (k = 0; k < 255; k++) {

n1 += ihist[k];

if (!n1) { continue; }

n2 = n - n1;

if (n2 == 0) { break; }

csum += (double) k *ihist[k];

m1 = csum / n1;

m2 = (sum - csum) / n2;

sb = (double) n1 *(double) n2 *(m1 - m2) * (m1 - m2);

if (sb > fmax) {

fmax = sb;

thresholdValue = k;

}

}

// at this point we have our thresholding value

// debug code to display thresholding values

if ( vvv & 1 )

fprintf(stderr,"# OTSU: thresholdValue = %d gmin=%d

gmax=%dn",thresholdValue, gmin, gmax);

return(thresholdValue);

}