最近疑问

赋值操作符的重载情况

#include <iostream>
#include <string>

using namespace std;

class Test
{
    int* m_pointer;
public:
    Test()
    {
        m_pointer = NULL;
    }
    Test(int i)
    {
        m_pointer = new int(i);
    }
	Test(const Test& obj)//赋值拷贝构造函数
	{
		m_pointer = new int(*obj.m_pointer);
	}
	Test& operator =(const Test& obj)//重载赋值操作
	//赋值操作符返回值必须引用，为了连续赋值
	//参数const引用？？？
	{
		if(this != &obj)//t2 = t2;
		{
			//深拷贝
			delete m_pointer;
			m_pointer = new int(*obj.m_pointer);
		}
		return *this;//返回当前对象
	}
    void print()
    {
        cout << "m_pointer = " << hex << m_pointer << endl;
    }
    ~Test()
    {
        delete m_pointer;
    }
};

int main()
{
    Test t1 = 1;
    Test t2;
    
    t2 = t1;//编译通过，编译器提供的浅拷贝
    
	t2 = t2;
	
    t1.print();
    t2.print();
	//t1,t2指向同一片内存空间，释放了两次
    
    return 0;
}

数组类

#pragma once
#ifndef _INTARRAY_H_
#define _INTARRAY_H_

class IntArray
{
private:
    int m_length;
    int* m_pointer;

    IntArray(int len);
    IntArray(const IntArray& obj);
    bool construct();
public:
    static IntArray* NewInstance(int length);
    int length();
    bool get(int index, int& value);
    bool set(int index, int value);
    int& operator [] (int index);
    IntArray& operator =(const IntArray& obj);
    IntArray& self();
    ~IntArray();
};

#endif

#include "IntArray.h"

IntArray::IntArray(int len)
{
    m_length = len;
}

bool IntArray::construct()
{
    bool ret = true;

    m_pointer = new int[m_length];

    if (m_pointer)
    {
        for (int i = 0; i < m_length; i++)
        {
            m_pointer[i] = 0;
        }
    }
    else
    {
        ret = false;
    }

    return ret;
}

IntArray* IntArray::NewInstance(int length)
{
    IntArray* ret = new IntArray(length);

    if (!(ret && ret->construct()))
    {
        delete ret;
        ret = 0;
    }

    return ret;
}

int IntArray::length()
{
    return m_length;
}

bool IntArray::get(int index, int& value)
{
    bool ret = (0 <= index) && (index < length());

    if (ret)
    {
        value = m_pointer[index];
    }

    return ret;
}

bool IntArray::set(int index, int value)
{
    bool ret = (0 <= index) && (index < length());

    if (ret)
    {
        m_pointer[index] = value;
    }

    return ret;
}

int& IntArray::operator [] (int index)
{
    return m_pointer[index];
}

IntArray& IntArray::operator =(const IntArray& obj)//重载赋值函数
{
    if (this != &obj)
    {
        //深拷贝
        //申请新空间
        //空间赋值
        //指针赋值
        int* pointer = new int[obj.m_length];
        if (pointer)
        {
            for (int i = 0; i < obj.m_length; i++)
            {
                pointer[i] = obj.m_pointer[i];
            }

            m_length = obj.m_length;
            delete m_pointer;
            m_pointer = pointer;
        }
    }
    return *this;
}

IntArray& IntArray::self()
{
    return *this;
}

IntArray::~IntArray()
{
    delete[]m_pointer;
}

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include "IntArray.h"

using namespace std;

int main()
{
    IntArray* a = IntArray::NewInstance(5);
    IntArray* b = IntArray::NewInstance(10);

    if (a && b)
    {
        IntArray& array = a->self();
        IntArray& brray = b->self();

        cout << "array.length() = " << array.length() << endl;
        cout << "brray.length() = " << brray.length() << endl;

        array = brray;

        cout << "array.length() = " << array.length() << endl;
        cout << "brray.length() = " << brray.length() << endl;

    }

    delete a;
    delete b;

    return 0;
}

一般原则

• 重载赋值操作符，必然需要实现深拷贝！！！

错误示例

#include <iostream>
#include <string>

using namespace std;

int main()
{
    const char*z p = "12345";
    string s = "";
        
    s.reserve(10);
    
    // 不要使用 C 语言中的方式操作 C++ 中的字符串
    for(int i=0; i<5; i++)
    {
        s[i] = p[i];
    }
        
    cout << s << endl;
    
    return 0;
}

小结

• 深拷贝必须重载赋值操作符
• string类通过一个数据空间保存字符数据，一个成员变量保存字符串长度
• C++尽量避免c语言开发思想