IMX6DL 串口驱动分析

1 驱动注册过程

代码平台：IMX6DL
代码入口：./drivers/tty/serial/imx.c/module_init(imx_serial_init)

static int __init imx_serial_init(void)
{
	int ret = uart_register_driver(&imx_reg);		//drivers/tty/serial/serial_core.c/line2389

	if (ret)
		return ret;

	ret = platform_driver_register(&serial_imx_driver);
	if (ret != 0)
		uart_unregister_driver(&imx_reg);

	return ret;
}

上述代码主要完成了两件事：

1. 串口驱动注册，uart_register_driver(&imx_reg)
2. 平台驱动注册，platform_driver_register(&serial_imx_driver)

1.1 串口驱动注册（uart_register_driver(&imx_reg))

static struct uart_driver imx_reg = {
	.owner          = THIS_MODULE,
	.driver_name    = DRIVER_NAME,
	.dev_name       = DEV_NAME,
	.major          = SERIAL_IMX_MAJOR,
	.minor          = MINOR_START,
	.nr             = ARRAY_SIZE(imx_ports),
	.cons           = IMX_CONSOLE,
};

int uart_register_driver(struct uart_driver *drv)
{
	struct tty_driver *normal;
	int i, retval;

	BUG_ON(drv->state);

	/*
	 * Maybe we should be using a slab cache for this, especially if
	 * we have a large number of ports to handle.
	 */
	drv->state = kzalloc(sizeof(struct uart_state) * drv->nr, GFP_KERNEL);
	if (!drv->state)
		goto out;

	normal = alloc_tty_driver(drv->nr);
	if (!normal)
		goto out_kfree;

	drv->tty_driver = normal;

	normal->driver_name	= drv->driver_name;
	normal->name		= drv->dev_name;
	normal->major		= drv->major;
	normal->minor_start	= drv->minor;
	normal->type		= TTY_DRIVER_TYPE_SERIAL;
	normal->subtype		= SERIAL_TYPE_NORMAL;
	normal->init_termios	= tty_std_termios;
	normal->init_termios.c_cflag = B9600 | CS8 | CREAD | HUPCL | CLOCAL;
	normal->init_termios.c_ispeed = normal->init_termios.c_ospeed = 9600;
	normal->flags		= TTY_DRIVER_REAL_RAW | TTY_DRIVER_DYNAMIC_DEV;
	normal->driver_state    = drv;
	tty_set_operations(normal, &uart_ops);	//drivers/tty/tty_io.c/line3436

	/*
	 * Initialise the UART state(s).
	 */
	for (i = 0; i < drv->nr; i++) {
		struct uart_state *state = drv->state + i;
		struct tty_port *port = &state->port;

		tty_port_init(port);				//drivers/tty/tty_port.c/line20
		port->ops = &uart_port_ops;
	}

	retval = tty_register_driver(normal);	//drivers/tty/tty_io.c/line3452
	if (retval >= 0)
		return retval;

	for (i = 0; i < drv->nr; i++)
		tty_port_destroy(&drv->state[i].port);
	put_tty_driver(normal);					//drivers/tty/tty_io.c/line3443
out_kfree:
	kfree(drv->state);
out:
	return -ENOMEM;
}

上述函数一共完成了6件事：

1. 分配 nr 个 uart_state 空间。uart_state 是串口设备的抽象。
2. 分配 tty_driver 空间，并将 driver_name/dev_name/major/minor/tty_std_termios 赋给tty_driver ，将串口的操作函数绑定到 tty 的操作函数上。
3. 初始化 uart_state(s)，主要是初始化 tty_port 。（目前没搞懂是干什么）
4. tty驱动注册。
5. destory tty_port，看不懂 3 和 5 这一波init 、destory 操作。
6. 增加 tty_driver 的引用计数。(put_tty_driver())

1.1.1 tty_register_driver

/*
 * Called by a tty driver to register itself.
 */
int tty_register_driver(struct tty_driver *driver)
{
	int error;
	int i;
	dev_t dev;
	struct device *d;

	if (!driver->major) {
		error = alloc_chrdev_region(&dev, driver->minor_start,
						driver->num, driver->name);
		if (!error) {
			driver->major = MAJOR(dev);
			driver->minor_start = MINOR(dev);
		}
	} else {
		dev = MKDEV(driver->major, driver->minor_start);
		error = register_chrdev_region(dev, driver->num, driver->name);
	}
	if (error < 0)
		goto err;

	if (driver->flags & TTY_DRIVER_DYNAMIC_ALLOC) {		//not defined
		error = tty_cdev_add(driver, dev, 0, driver->num);
		if (error)
			goto err_unreg_char;
	}

	mutex_lock(&tty_mutex);
	list_add(&driver->tty_drivers, &tty_drivers);
	mutex_unlock(&tty_mutex);

	if (!(driver->flags & TTY_DRIVER_DYNAMIC_DEV)) {			// !defined equals to not defined
		for (i = 0; i < driver->num; i++) {
			d = tty_register_device(driver, i, NULL);
			if (IS_ERR(d)) {
				error = PTR_ERR(d);
				goto err_unreg_devs;
			}
		}
	}
	proc_tty_register_driver(driver);
	driver->flags |= TTY_DRIVER_INSTALLED;
	return 0;

err_unreg_devs:
	for (i--; i >= 0; i--)
		tty_unregister_device(driver, i);

	mutex_lock(&tty_mutex);
	list_del(&driver->tty_drivers);
	mutex_unlock(&tty_mutex);

err_unreg_char:
	unregister_chrdev_region(dev, driver->num);
err:
	return error;
}

上述函数完成了一下几件事：

1. 根据主设备号 driver_major 是否为空，分别调用设备号动态分配函数或静态分配函数。
2. drivers->flags = TTY_DRIVER_REAL_RAW | TTY_DRIVER_DYNAMIC_DEV 。 将tty_driver 添加到 tty_drivers 的全局链表中。
3. 调用 proc_tty_register_driver 将驱动注册到 proc 。
4. driver->flags |= TTY_DRIVER_INSTALLED ，标记驱动已经注册好。

此时主要的数据结构关系如下：

1.2 平台驱动注册，platform_driver_register(&serial_imx_driver）

static struct platform_driver serial_imx_driver = {
	.probe		= serial_imx_probe,
	.remove		= serial_imx_remove,

	.suspend	= serial_imx_suspend,
	.resume		= serial_imx_resume,
	.id_table	= imx_uart_devtype,
	.driver		= {
		.name	= "imx-uart",
		.of_match_table = imx_uart_dt_ids,
	},
};

暂不分析具体的注册函数，当 platform 总线上的 device 与 driver 匹配时，调用 serial_imx_probe 函数。

static int serial_imx_probe(struct platform_device *pdev)
{
	struct imx_port *sport;
	void __iomem *base;
	int ret = 0;
	struct resource *res;
	int txirq, rxirq, rtsirq;

	sport = devm_kzalloc(&pdev->dev, sizeof(*sport), GFP_KERNEL);
	if (!sport)
		return -ENOMEM;

	ret = serial_imx_probe_dt(sport, pdev);
	if (ret > 0)
		serial_imx_probe_pdata(sport, pdev);
	else if (ret < 0)
		return ret;

	res = platform_get_resource(pdev, IORESOURCE_MEM, 0);
	base = devm_ioremap_resource(&pdev->dev, res);
	if (IS_ERR(base))
		return PTR_ERR(base);

	rxirq = platform_get_irq(pdev, 0);
	txirq = platform_get_irq(pdev, 1);
	rtsirq = platform_get_irq(pdev, 2);

	sport->port.dev = &pdev->dev;
	sport->port.mapbase = res->start;
	sport->port.membase = base;
	sport->port.type = PORT_IMX,
	sport->port.iotype = UPIO_MEM;
	sport->port.irq = rxirq;
	sport->port.fifosize = 32;
	sport->port.ops = &imx_pops;
	sport->port.rs485_config = imx_rs485_config;
	sport->port.rs485.flags =
		SER_RS485_RTS_ON_SEND | SER_RS485_RX_DURING_TX;
	sport->port.flags = UPF_BOOT_AUTOCONF;
	init_timer(&sport->timer);
	sport->timer.function = imx_timeout;
	sport->timer.data     = (unsigned long)sport;

	sport->clk_ipg = devm_clk_get(&pdev->dev, "ipg");
	if (IS_ERR(sport->clk_ipg)) {
		ret = PTR_ERR(sport->clk_ipg);
		dev_err(&pdev->dev, "failed to get ipg clk: %d\n", ret);
		return ret;
	}

	sport->clk_per = devm_clk_get(&pdev->dev, "per");
	if (IS_ERR(sport->clk_per)) {
		ret = PTR_ERR(sport->clk_per);
		dev_err(&pdev->dev, "failed to get per clk: %d\n", ret);
		return ret;
	}

	sport->port.uartclk = clk_get_rate(sport->clk_per);
	if (sport->port.uartclk > IMX_MODULE_MAX_CLK_RATE) {
		ret = clk_set_rate(sport->clk_per, IMX_MODULE_MAX_CLK_RATE);
		if (ret < 0) {
			dev_err(&pdev->dev, "clk_set_rate() failed\n");
			return ret;
		}
	}
	sport->port.uartclk = clk_get_rate(sport->clk_per);

	/*
	 * Allocate the IRQ(s) i.MX1 has three interrupts whereas later
	 * chips only have one interrupt.
	 */
	if (txirq > 0) {
		ret = devm_request_irq(&pdev->dev, rxirq, imx_rxint, 0,
				       dev_name(&pdev->dev), sport);
		if (ret)
			return ret;

		ret = devm_request_irq(&pdev->dev, txirq, imx_txint, 0,
				       dev_name(&pdev->dev), sport);
		if (ret)
			return ret;
	} else {
		ret = devm_request_irq(&pdev->dev, rxirq, imx_int, 0,
				       dev_name(&pdev->dev), sport);
		if (ret)
			return ret;
	}

	imx_ports[sport->port.line] = sport;

	platform_set_drvdata(pdev, sport);

	return uart_add_one_port(&imx_reg, &sport->port);		//drivers/tty/serial/serial_core.c/line2657
}

该函数主要完成以下2件事：

1. 将 dts 中有关的硬件信息提取到 sport 结构体中。
2. 调用 uart_add_one_prot(&imx_reg, &sport->port)。

int uart_add_one_port(struct uart_driver *drv, struct uart_port *uport)
{
	struct uart_state *state;
	struct tty_port *port;
	int ret = 0;
	struct device *tty_dev;
	int num_groups;

	BUG_ON(in_interrupt());

	if (uport->line >= drv->nr)
		return -EINVAL;

	state = drv->state + uport->line;
	port = &state->port;

	mutex_lock(&port_mutex);
	mutex_lock(&port->mutex);
	if (state->uart_port) {
		ret = -EINVAL;
		goto out;
	}

	/* Link the port to the driver state table and vice versa */
	state->uart_port = uport;
	uport->state = state;

	state->pm_state = UART_PM_STATE_UNDEFINED;
	uport->cons = drv->cons;
	uport->minor = drv->tty_driver->minor_start + uport->line;

	/*
	 * If this port is a console, then the spinlock is already
	 * initialised.
	 */
	if (!(uart_console(uport) && (uport->cons->flags & CON_ENABLED))) {
		spin_lock_init(&uport->lock);
		lockdep_set_class(&uport->lock, &port_lock_key);
	}
	if (uport->cons && uport->dev)
		of_console_check(uport->dev->of_node, uport->cons->name, uport->line);

	uart_configure_port(drv, state, uport);

	num_groups = 2;
	if (uport->attr_group)
		num_groups++;

	uport->tty_groups = kcalloc(num_groups, sizeof(*uport->tty_groups),
				    GFP_KERNEL);
	if (!uport->tty_groups) {
		ret = -ENOMEM;
		goto out;
	}
	uport->tty_groups[0] = &tty_dev_attr_group;
	if (uport->attr_group)
		uport->tty_groups[1] = uport->attr_group;

	/*
	 * Register the port whether it's detected or not.  This allows
	 * setserial to be used to alter this port's parameters.
	 */
	tty_dev = tty_port_register_device_attr(port, drv->tty_driver,			//drivers/tty/tty_port.c/line89
			uport->line, uport->dev, port, uport->tty_groups);
	if (likely(!IS_ERR(tty_dev))) {
		device_set_wakeup_capable(tty_dev, 1);
	} else {
		dev_err(uport->dev, "Cannot register tty device on line %d\n",
		       uport->line);
	}

	/*
	 * Ensure UPF_DEAD is not set.
	 */
	uport->flags &= ~UPF_DEAD;

 out:
	mutex_unlock(&port->mutex);
	mutex_unlock(&port_mutex);

	return ret;
}

该函数主要完成以下2件事：

1. 将 sport->port 结构体 link 到 driver state table 。
2. 调用 tty_port_register_device_attr() 函数注册 tty device 。

struct device *tty_port_register_device(struct tty_port *port,
		struct tty_driver *driver, unsigned index,
		struct device *device)
{
	tty_port_link_device(port, driver, index);
	return tty_register_device(driver, index, device);
}

该函数主要完成以下2件事：

1. tty_port_link_device 将tty_driver->port[index] = port 。
2. 调用tty_register_device ，间接调用 tty_register_device_attr 。

struct device *tty_register_device_attr(struct tty_driver *driver,
				   unsigned index, struct device *device,
				   void *drvdata,
				   const struct attribute_group **attr_grp)
{
	char name[64];
	dev_t devt = MKDEV(driver->major, driver->minor_start) + index;
	struct device *dev = NULL;
	int retval = -ENODEV;
	bool cdev = false;

	if (index >= driver->num) {
		printk(KERN_ERR "Attempt to register invalid tty line number "
		       " (%d).\n", index);
		return ERR_PTR(-EINVAL);
	}

	if (driver->type == TTY_DRIVER_TYPE_PTY)			//not defined
		pty_line_name(driver, index, name);
	else
		tty_line_name(driver, index, name);

	if (!(driver->flags & TTY_DRIVER_DYNAMIC_ALLOC)) {		// ! not defined equals to defined
		retval = tty_cdev_add(driver, devt, index, 1);
		if (retval)
			goto error;
		cdev = true;
	}

	dev = kzalloc(sizeof(*dev), GFP_KERNEL);
	if (!dev) {
		retval = -ENOMEM;
		goto error;
	}

	dev->devt = devt;
	dev->class = tty_class;
	dev->parent = device;
	dev->release = tty_device_create_release;
	dev_set_name(dev, "%s", name);
	dev->groups = attr_grp;
	dev_set_drvdata(dev, drvdata);

	retval = device_register(dev);		//drivers/base/core.c/line1137
	if (retval)
		goto error;

	return dev;

error:
	put_device(dev);
	if (cdev)
		cdev_del(&driver->cdevs[index]);
	return ERR_PTR(retval);
}

该函数完成以下3件事：

1. 调用 tty_line_name() ，设置 device name 。
2. 调用 tty_cdev_add() 将 tty_driver 中的 cdev 加到 cdev_map 中，建立字符设备。
3. 调用 dev_set_name 设置 device 中的 kobject name 。
4. 调用 device_register() 将 device 加入到设备模型对应的位置。这个会在后面有关设备模型的文章中再细聊。

kobject name 与 device name 的关系

static inline const char *dev_name(const struct device *dev)
{
	/* Use the init name until the kobject becomes available */
	if (dev->init_name)
		return dev->init_name;

	return kobject_name(&dev->kobj);
}

完成上述过程后，主要的数据结构关系如下图：

1.3 小结

下图是网上搜到的一个总结比较好的架构图。