【CircuitPython】RaspberryPi Pico RP2040 自定义机械键盘实例

【CircuitPython】RaspberryPi Pico RP2040 Mechanical Keyboard实例

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• ✨本示例基于Thonny开发，所使用的固件是：CircuitPython，区别于MicroPython固件。✨

🎈最近B站某君的瀚文键盘很火热，这里介绍利用RaspberryPi Pico RP2040实现键盘按键定制功能。由于RP2040引脚限制，最多支持20个自定义按键或组合键的输入。

• 🛒现有售卖模块有16按键的，如果自己打板可以设计最多20的按键，
• 📜介绍链接：https://shop.pimoroni.com/products/pico-rgb-keypad-base?variant=32369517166675
  

🍭测试方法

-📍 在线键盘按键测试

• 👉找一个测试按键的专门网站：https://keyboard.bmcx.com/进行按键测试和验证。
  
  -🗝测试方法：

📑调试时可以使用一根导线串联一个1K的电阻用于限流作用，一头接到GND，另一端去触碰引脚，处理GP16引脚外，其他数字引脚都可以去碰一碰，你可以在按键测试网站上看到，按键有被模拟按下。同时如果你打开了Thonny，在Shell调试窗口有对应的按键码值打印信息。

• 📌按键映射可以自己在代码中修改成自己想要的指定按键或组合按键。

keymap = {
    (0): (KEY, (Keycode.GUI, Keycode.C)),# win + C
    (1): (KEY, (Keycode.GUI, Keycode.V)),# win +V
    (2): (KEY, [Keycode.THREE]),
    (3): (KEY, [Keycode.FOUR]),
    (4): (KEY, [Keycode.FIVE]),
    (5): (MEDIA, ConsumerControlCode.VOLUME_DECREMENT),
    (6): (MEDIA, ConsumerControlCode.VOLUME_INCREMENT),

    (7): (KEY, [Keycode.R]),
    (8): (KEY, [Keycode.G]),
    (9): (KEY, [Keycode.B]),
    (10): (KEY, [Keycode.UP_ARROW]),
    (11): (KEY, [Keycode.X]),  # plus key
    (12): (KEY, [Keycode.Y]),
    (13): (KEY, [Keycode.Z]),

    (14): (KEY, [Keycode.I]),
    (15): (KEY, [Keycode.O]),
    (16): (KEY, [Keycode.LEFT_ARROW]),
    (17): (KEY, [Keycode.DOWN_ARROW]),
    (18): (KEY, [Keycode.RIGHT_ARROW]),
    (19): (KEY, [Keycode.ALT]),
    (20): (KEY, [Keycode.U]),

}

📖环境搭建说明

• ✔下载和烧录CircuitPython固件
• 👉官方RP2040固件下载地址：https://circuitpython.org/downloads
  
• 🌿如果使用的是YD2040的板子可以选择：pimoroni型号flash容量分：4MB、8MB、16MB
  
  

• ⛳固件选择说明
  
• 🎄由于没有中文提示的，只有拼音
  
• 烧录方法
  在插入usb到电脑前先按住boot按键，在连接到电脑上，电脑上会显示一个虚拟出来的120MB容量的U盘，然后将下载下来的.uf2文件拷贝到虚拟的U盘当中即可实现固件的烧录。

🧧库下载和导入

• 🎉在Thonny工具栏上当中-工具 -管理插件，搜索adafruit_hid
  
  
• 找到下载路径：C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Roaming\Thonny\plugins\Python310\site-packages

将adafruit_hid文件夹拷贝到Pi Pico RP2040设备当中。

• 🎯先将此文件夹拷贝到桌面或其他自己能找到的地方，通过Thonny定位到文件夹，选中，右键上传到/(注意需要将设备退出U盘模式，不然上传会出错)
  
  

• 🌿如果没有将文件菜单勾选的：
  

• 🌿直接拷贝方法：当RP2040插入到电脑上默认是有一个盘符的，不像Micropython ESP32
  

• 📗文件结构
  

📝Pico_RP2040 Mech Keyboard 示例代码

• 📍示例地址：https://github.com/adafruit/Adafruit_Learning_System_Guides/tree/main/Pico_RP2040_Mech_Keyboard
• 🎆引脚注意：GP15不要被使用，它被内部USB外设使用，具体说明：https://github.com/adafruit/circuitpython/issues/4034

🎈 在源代码上添加了按键调试串口输出，方便查阅。

# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2021 John Park for Adafruit Industries
# SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
# RaspberryPi Pico RP2040 Mechanical Keyboard

import time
import board
from digitalio import DigitalInOut, Direction, Pull
import usb_hid
from adafruit_hid.keyboard import Keyboard
from adafruit_hid.keycode import Keycode
from adafruit_hid.consumer_control import ConsumerControl
from adafruit_hid.consumer_control_code import ConsumerControlCode

print("---Pico Pad Keyboard---")

led = DigitalInOut(board.LED)
led.direction = Direction.OUTPUT
led.value = True

kbd = Keyboard(usb_hid.devices)
cc = ConsumerControl(usb_hid.devices)

# list of pins to use (skipping GP15 on Pico because it's funky)
pins = (
    board.GP0,
    board.GP1,
    board.GP2,
    board.GP3,
    board.GP4,
    board.GP5,
    board.GP6,
    board.GP7,
    board.GP8,
    board.GP9,
    board.GP10,
    board.GP11,
    board.GP12,
    board.GP13,
    board.GP14,
    board.GP16,
    board.GP17,
    board.GP18,
    board.GP19,
    board.GP20,
    board.GP21,
)

MEDIA = 1
KEY = 2

keymap = {
    (0): (KEY, (Keycode.GUI, Keycode.C)),# win + C
    (1): (KEY, (Keycode.GUI, Keycode.V)),# win +V
    (2): (KEY, [Keycode.THREE]),
    (3): (KEY, [Keycode.FOUR]),
    (4): (KEY, [Keycode.FIVE]),
    (5): (MEDIA, ConsumerControlCode.VOLUME_DECREMENT),
    (6): (MEDIA, ConsumerControlCode.VOLUME_INCREMENT),

    (7): (KEY, [Keycode.R]),
    (8): (KEY, [Keycode.G]),
    (9): (KEY, [Keycode.B]),
    (10): (KEY, [Keycode.UP_ARROW]),
    (11): (KEY, [Keycode.X]),  # plus key
    (12): (KEY, [Keycode.Y]),
    (13): (KEY, [Keycode.Z]),

    (14): (KEY, [Keycode.I]),
    (15): (KEY, [Keycode.O]),
    (16): (KEY, [Keycode.LEFT_ARROW]),
    (17): (KEY, [Keycode.DOWN_ARROW]),
    (18): (KEY, [Keycode.RIGHT_ARROW]),
    (19): (KEY, [Keycode.ALT]),
    (20): (KEY, [Keycode.U]),

}

switches = []
for i in range(len(pins)):
    switch = DigitalInOut(pins[i])
    switch.direction = Direction.INPUT
    switch.pull = Pull.UP
    switches.append(switch)


switch_state = [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]

while True:
    for button in range(21):
        if switch_state[button] == 0:
            if not switches[button].value:
                try:
                    if keymap[button][0] == KEY:
                        kbd.press(*keymap[button][1])
                        print(keymap[button][1])
                    else:
                        cc.send(keymap[button][1])
                        print(keymap[button][1])
                except ValueError:  # deals w six key limit
                    pass
                switch_state[button] = 1

        if switch_state[button] == 1:
            if switches[button].value:
                try:
                    if keymap[button][0] == KEY:
                        kbd.release(*keymap[button][1])

                except ValueError:
                    pass
                switch_state[button] = 0

    time.sleep(0.01)  # debounce