Visualizing data

Plotting functions

plot - Script command

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Creates line plots. All data sets must be sampled on the same position vector.

See plotxy for data sets that are sampled on different position vectors.

Syntax	Description
out = plot(x,y);	Creates a plot of y vs x, y and x are both 1D vectors with the same length. The figure number is returned.
plot(x,y);	x is a nx1 matrix. y is a nxm matrix. This will generate a graph with m lines. (y(1:n,1) vs x, y(1:n,2) vs x, etc)
plot(x,y1,y2,y3);	Creates a plot with 3 curves, x,y1, y2, y3 must be the same length, returns the figure number.
plot(x,y, "x label", "y label", "title");	Creates a plot of y vs x with axis labels and a title, returns the figure number.
plot(x,y, "x label", "y label", "title", "options");	Creates a plot with desired options. Options are listed in the table below. Returns the figure number.

Plot options. May include multiple plot options in a single string, such as 

"plot type=line, color=blue, pen=--, linewidth=2"

plot type	line point bar
marker style	x o + s (square) d (diamond)
pen	-- : -. -..
x axis location	top bottom
y axis location	left right
color	blue red etc.
greyscale
plot lines
plot bar
plot points
marker size (default=4)	#
linewidth (default=1)	#

Examples

This example will generate a figure with two lines: sin(x) and (sin(x))^2.

x=linspace(0,10,100);
y1=sin(x);
y2=y1^2;
plot(x,y1,y2,"x","y","title");
legend("sin(x)", "sin(x)^2");

The following figure shows the output of the the example code.

This example will generate a figure with two lines: sin(x) and sin(x)^2 with more plotting options.

x=linspace(0,10,100);
y1=sin(x);
y2=y1^2;
plot(x,y1,"x","y","title", "plot type=line, color=red, pen=-., linewidth=2");
holdon;
plot(x,y2,"x","y","title", "plot type=line, color=blue, pen=--, linewidth=2");
legend("sin(x)", "sin(x)^2");

The following figure shows the output of the the example code.

plotxy - Script command

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Creates line plots. In particular, this function is used when the data sets are sampled on different position vectors.

Syntax	Description
out = plotxy(x,y);	Creates a plot of y vs x, y and x are both 1D vectors with the same length. The figure number is returned.
plotxy(x1,y1,x2,y2,xn,yn);	Creates a plot with multiple curves. The xn-yn pairs must have the same length, but x1, x2, and xn can have different start-end values and resolutions. The figure number is returned.
plotxy(x1,y1,x2,y2, "x label", "y label", "title");	Creates line plots with axis labels and a title, returns the figure number.

Example

This example will generate a figure with two functions with different resolutions:

x1=linspace(0,2*pi,15);
y1=sin(x1);
x2=linspace(1,pi,3);
y2=x2/2;
plotxy(x1,y1,x2,y2,"x","y","title");
legend("y1=sin(x1) - 15 pts","y2=x2/2 - 3 pts");

The following figure shows the output of the the example code.

 

 

polar - Script command

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Creates polar plots. All data sets must be sampled on the same array of angle values.

See polar2 for data sets that are sampled on different arrays of theta values.

Syntax	Description
out = polar(theta,rho)	Creates a polar coordinate plot of the angle theta versus the radius rho. theta is the angle from the x-axis to the radius vector specified in radians; rho is the length of the radius vector. Theta and rho can be vectors of the same length, or if the length of theta is n, then rho can be a nxm matrix, which corresponds to m sets of rho values. The figure number is returned.
polar(theta,rho1,rho2,rho3)	Creates a polar plot with three curves. theta, rho1, rho2, rho3 must be of the same length. The figure number is returned.
polar(theta,rho,"x label", "y label", "title")	Creates a polar plot with axis labels and a title. The figure number is returned.
polar(theta,rho,"x label", "y label", "title", "options");	Creates a polar plot with desired options. Options can be be greyscale polar (use with plot command to generate the same plot as the polar script command) any comma separated list of the above Returns the figure number.

Example

Create a simple polar plot.

theta = linspace(0,2*pi,100);
r = cos(theta);
polar(theta,r);

The following figure shows the output of the the example code.

 

polar2 - Script command

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Creates polar plots. In particular, this function is used when the data sets are sampled on different arrays of angle values.

Syntax	Description
out = polar2(theta,rho)	Creates a polar coordinate plot of the angle theta versus the radius rho. theta is the angle from the x-axis to the radius vector specified in radians; rho is the length of the radius vector. Theta and rho can be vectors of the same length, or if the length of theta is n, then rho can be a nxm matrix, which corresponds to m sets of rho values. The figure number is returned.
polar2(theta1,rho1,theta2,rho2)	Creates a plot with two curves. The two data sets can be sampled on different theta vectors.
polar2(theta,rho,"x label", "y label", "title")	Creates a plot of y vs x with axis labels and a title, returns the figure number.
polar2(theta,rho,"x label", "y label", "title", "options");	Creates a plot with desired options. Options can be be greyscale polar (same as the polar script command) any comma separated list of the above Returns the figure number.

Example

Plot in polar coordinates two different data sets.

theta1 = linspace(0,2*pi,100);
r1 = cos(theta1);
theta2 = linspace(0,pi,50);
r2 = sin(theta2);
polar2(theta1,r1,theta2,r2);

The following figure shows the output of the the example code.

polarimage - Script command

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Creates 2D polar image plots. This is typically used to plot far field data.

Syntax	Description
polarimage(ux,uy,data);	Creates a 2D image plot. data must be of dimension N x M and ux is of dimension N x 1, where ux goes from -1 to 1 uy is of dimension M x 1, where uy goes from -1 to 1
out = polarimage(ux,uy,data, "x label", "y label", "title");	Creates a 2D image plot with axis labels Optionally returns the figure number.
polarimage(ux,uy,data, "x label", "y label", "title", "options");	Creates a 2D image plot with axis labels and options, options can be logplot

Example

This example generates an image of a simple 2D Gaussian function.

ux=linspace(-1,1,51);
uy=linspace(-1,1,61);
Ux=meshgridx(ux,uy);
Uy=meshgridy(ux,uy);
data = exp( 1-Ux^2-Uy^2);
# plot data with both the image and polarimage script functions
image(ux,uy,data,"ux","uy","Image plot");   
polarimage(ux,uy,data,"ux","uy","Polar Image plot");

The following figure shows the resulting figures.

This example shows how this function might be used with the far field projection functions.

m="monitor1";   # monitor name
ux=farfieldux(m); # position vectors
uy=farfielduy(m);
E2=farfield3d(m); # Far field E2 data
polarimage(ux,uy,E2,"ux","uy","far field |E|^2"); 

 

smithchart - Script command

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Plots impedance values in a Smith chart. The default impedance used for normalization is 50 Ohms; this can be modified in the plot settings once the plot has been created.

Syntax	Description
out = smithchart(Z);	Creates a curve in a Smith chart with the impedance values in the array Z. The array Z must be of the form NX1 or 1XN.
out = smithchart(Z1,Z2,Z3);	Creates three curves in a Smith chart with the impedance values in the arrays Z1, Z2 and Z3. Each array must be of the form NX1 or 1XN, but they do not have to be of the same dimension.
out = smithchart(Z, "title", "aspect ratio", norm_Z);	Creates a Smith chart with a title, a given aspect ratio and a normalized impedance norm_Z. The aspect ratio must be string that is either "1:1" or "fill scene".

Example

Create a simple Smith chart

Z1 = 50*(3+1i*linspace(-50,50,101)); # re(Z) = 3 circle
Z2 = 50*(linspace(0,50,101)+0.75i); # im(Z) = 0.75 line
smithchart(Z1,Z2,"Example of Smith chart", "1:1", 50); # Normalized impedance 50 Ohms
#The plot properties can also be set using setplot:
smithchart(Z1,Z2);
setplot("title", "Example of Smith chart");
setplot("aspect ratio", "1:1");
setplot("normalized impedance", 50);

The following figure shows the output of the example code.

histc - Script command

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Creates a histogram plot.

Syntax	Description
out = histc(y);	Creates a histogram plot of y. Returns the figure number.
histc(y,n);	Creates a histogram plot of y, using n bins. Returns the figure number.
histc (y,n, "x label", "y label", "title");	Creates a histogram plot of y, using n bins, with axis labels and a title. Returns the figure number.

Example

These are scripts for creating simple histograms.

#Creates a histogram plot of y.
y = randmatrix(1,10);
y = y*10;
out = histc(y);
#Creates a histogram plot of y, using n bins.
#Returns the figure number.
y = randmatrix(1,10);
y = y*10;
n = 5;
out = histc(y,n);
#Creates a histogram plot of y, using n bins, with axis labels and a title.
histc (y,n, "x label", "y label", "title");

 

bar - Script command

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Plots a bar chart.

Syntax	Description
out = bar(y);	Creates a bar plot where each bar corresponds to one element in y, which must be a 1D array. The figure number is returned.
bar(x,y);	x is a nx1 matrix. y is a nxm matrix. Creates m bar plots with n bars in the same figure for the elements in y at positions given by x. The figure number is returned.
bar(x,y, "x label", "y label", "title");	Creates a bar plot of y vs x with axis labels and a title, returns the figure number. The figure number is returned.

Examples

The following example generates the two bar plots shown below.

x = linspace(0,1,10);
y1 = exp(-((x-0.2)/0.4)^2);
y2 = exp(-((x-0.7)/0.3)^2);
y = [y1,y2];
bar(y1); # bar plot for y1, where each bar is labeled from 1 to 10
bar(x,y); # bar plot for y1 and y2 at locations specified by x

legend - Script command

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Adds a legend to a line plot.

Syntax	Description
legend("legend1","legend2",..., "legendn");	Adds a legend to the selected figure. Parameters can be strings, or an array (cell) of strings This function does not return any data.

Example

Add a legend using an array of strings.

x=linspace(0,10,100);
y1=sin(x);
y2=y1^2;
plot(x,y1,y2,"x","y","title");

# create an array of strings
leg=cell(2);
leg{1}="y1";
leg{2}="y2";

# add legend
legend(leg);

Using a for loop to add a number to the legend.

n=5; # number of legend
leg=cell(n); # define the array of strings
y=linspace(10,50,n);
for (i=1:n){
leg{i}=num2str(y(i));
}

# add legend
legend(leg);

 

image - Script command

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Creates 2D image plots.

Syntax	Description
out = image(x,y,z);	Creates a 2D image plot of the data in z. If x is of dimension N x 1 and y is of dimension M x 1, then z must be of dimension N x M. The figure number is returned.
image(x,y,z, "x label", "y label", "title");	Creates a 2D image plot with axis labels and a title. The figure number is returned.
image(x,y,z, "x label", "y label", "title", "options");	Creates a 2D image plot with axis labels and options, options can be logplot polar red2blue any comma separated list of the above

Example

This example generates a figure of the 2D function pic(x,y)=sin(x)+sin(y).

x=linspace(0,10,100);
y=linspace(0,10,100);
x2=sin(x);
y2=sin(y);
pic=meshgridx(x2,y2)+meshgridy(x2,y2);
image(x,y,pic,"","","","logplot");
image(x,y,pic,"","","","logplot,red2blue");

The following figures show the output of the example code.

 

setplot - Script command

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Sets the plot properties of a figure.

Syntax	Description
?setplot;	Creates a string which lists all figure properties for the figure that is currently selected. Unless the selectfigure() command was called, the most recently created plot will be selected.
setplot("property", "property value");	Set the desired property of the currently selected figure to property value.

Example

This example uses the script command setplot to see the properties of a line plot figure, then adds a title to the figure.

plot(1:10,(1:10)^2);
?setplot;
x min
x max
y min
y max
title
x label
y label
legend position
setplot("title","my figure");   #add a title to the figure

This example creates an image plot of a 10x10 matrix of random numbers between zero and one, then sets the color bar limits to 0.2 - 0.8 with the setplot command.

data=randmatrix(10,10);
image(1:10,1:10,data);
setplot("colorbar min",0.2);
setplot("colorbar max",0.8);

visualize - Script command

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Sends data to the visualizer.

For FDTD, MODE, DGTD, FEEM, CHARGE, HEAT, and INTERCONNECT

Syntax	Description
visualize(R);	Plots the dataset R in the Visualizer.
visualize(R,T);	Sends two datasets to the Visualizer.

Example

This example creates a 3D dataset of random numbers and plots it in the visualizer. An additional dataset is created and added to the visualizer using add2visualizer.

nPts=10;
axis=1:nPts;
data=randmatrix(nPts,nPts,nPts);
dataset = rectilineardataset("dataset",axis,axis,axis);
dataset.addattribute("data",data);
visualize(dataset);
dataset2 = rectilineardataset("dataset2",axis,axis,axis);
dataset2.addattribute("data",data+10);
add2visualizer(dataset2, 1);

 

add2visualizer - Script command

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Adds data to an existing visualizer.

Syntax	Description
add2visualizer( dataset, visualizer number )	This command adds data to an existing visualizer. If there is no visualizer corresponding to the visualizer number, then the command is ignored.

Example

See example for visualize command.

vectorplot - Script command

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Creates a vector plot from a rectilinear dataset. The rectilinear dataset must be a vector, like the E field, and it must have no additional parameters (i.e., if you have E vs. x,y,z,f and f has two or more values, then the command fails). Generally, it is easier to use visualize(E) and then select the vector plot option in the visualizer.

Syntax	Description
vectorplot(E);	Creates a vector plot of the dataset

Example

This example will generate a vector plot of the dataset E.

x = linspace(-1,1,10);
y = x;
z = x;
X = meshgrid3dx(x,y,z);
Y = meshgrid3dy(x,y,z);
Z = meshgrid3dz(x,y,z);
Ex = exp( -X^2-Y^2-Z^2);
Ey = 0*Ex;
Ez = 0*Ex;
E = rectilineardataset("E",x,y,z);
E.addattribute("E",Ex,Ey,Ez);
vectorplot(E);

The following figure shows the output of the the example code.

 

holdon - Script command

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Holds multiple functions on a single plot. Note that, only the labeling and plot options of the first plot are taken into account; a warning is reported in this case. The command setplot can be used instead.

Syntax	Description
holdon;	Switches on the mode to hold multiple mathematical functions on the same figure.

Example

This example will generate a figure with three lines based on the sin(x) function.

# setup data
# for logarithm, avoid non-positive values
x1=linspace(1,10,100);
x2=linspace(2,11,100);
y1=sin(x1)+1.1;
y2=y1^2+1.1;
# plot y1, y2, y3
plot(x1,y1,"x","y","holdon/off","log10x");
holdon;
plot(x2,y2,"xx","yy","title1","log10y, plot points");
plot(x2,2*y2, "xxx","yyy", "title2", "greyscale");
# plot labeling and options cannot work in hold on
# use setplot command instead!
legend("y1","y2","y3");
holdoff;

The following figure shows the output of the the example code.

 

holdoff - Script command

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Switches off the holdon mode.

Syntax	Description
holdoff;	Switches off the mode to hold multiple mathematical functions on the same figure.

Example

An example is available on the holdon page.

 Miscellaneous plotting functions

selectfigure - Script command

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Selects a figure, which will be shown on screen (gives it focus). A warning will be generated if the figure does not exist.

Syntax	Description
selectfigure;	Selects the last figure that was created. This function does not return any data.
selectfigure(1);	Selects figure 1.

Example

See exportfigure example.

 

exportfigure - Script command

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Exports the current figure to a JPG image. If the file extension is not specified, ".jpg" will be used. The image size will be the same as the figure window size.

If a file is overwritten or if the export fails, a warning will be generated.

Syntax	Description
exportfigure("filename");	Exports the current figure to a JPG image with the name "filename". The exported image will have the same size as the current figure.
exportfigure("filename",xres,yres);	The exported image will have the specified resolution, xres,yres, in the x,y directions respectively.

Example

Create two figures, then select the first and export it to a .jpg file. All the previously opened figure windows are closed beforehand using closeall.

closeall;
x=linspace(0,10,100);
y1=sin(x);
y2=y1^2;
plot(x,y1,"x","y","title");
plot(x,y2,"x","y","title");
selectfigure(1);
exportfigure("sine.jpg");

closeall - Script command

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Closes all open figure windows.

Syntax	Description
closeall;	Close all open figure windows. This function does not return any data.

Example

See exportfigure example.