ubuntu16.04+cuda9.0+cudnn7.0.5+opencv3.3+anaconda3(python3.5)下配置caffe的踩坑记录

踩过了好多坑，经过千辛万苦终于编译好了caffe，import caffe 没有报错．我怀着激动的心情记录这个博客，为大家排一些我遇到的坑．

0. 环境

我的环境是ubuntu16.04+cuda9.0+cudnn7.0.5+opencv3.3+anaconda3(python3.5)，建议大家先多参考几个博客，确认操作的过程中发生尽量少的失误，减少不必要的麻烦．先把我参考的博客放在这里，大家可以适当食用．

https://blog.csdn.net/zyazky/article/details/82716940

https://blog.csdn.net/ifisher999/article/details/84494315

https://www.jianshu.com/p/8d309dcc8b99

https://www.jianshu.com/p/0cad02ad323b

http://www.mamicode.com/info-detail-2310767.html

https://www.cnblogs.com/fanwendi2312/p/8438575.html

http://www.bubuko.com/infodetail-2616182.html

https://cloud.tencent.com/developer/article/1384531

https://blog.csdn.net/OliverLee456/article/details/83023566

由于每个人设备环境的差异性，不能完全照搬别人的操作．我综合参考了以上几篇博客，根据自己电脑的环境进行调整和修改，期间遇到bug就百度查资料．下面是我编译caffe的过程．

1. 创建虚拟环境

首先创建一个虚拟环境名为caffe35，我这里选择了python=3.5

conda create -n caffe35 python=3.5

接着进入到这个虚拟环境中

source activate caffe35

2. 安装必要的依赖库

sudo apt-get install libprotobuf-dev libleveldb-dev libsnappy-dev libopencv-dev libhdf5-serial-dev protobuf-compiler libopenblas-dev
sudo apt-get install --no-install-recommends libboost-all-dev
sudo apt-get install libopenblas-dev
sudo apt-get install --no-install-recommends libboost-all-dev
sudo apt-get install libopenblas-dev 

3. clone github源码到本地

我的安装目录为　home/lx/caffe

cd home/lx
git clone https://github.com/BVLC/caffe.git

4. 修改Makefile.config配置文件

进入到你的caffe目录下

cd caffe

拷贝一个安装配置文件，并打开它

cp Makefile.config.example Makefile.config 
sudo gedit Makefile.config

以下是我修改后的Makefile.config文件，我在这个部分花费了大量的时间，因为编译错误大部分是由于这里的配置有问题．这里可以仔细看它给的英文注释，提示了每行代码的作用．此外，除了修改路径配置，我在编译过程中遇到的一些问题后额外增加了几行．每个人遇到的问题可能会不一样，我在编译的过程中也是出现一个问题解决一个问题．
这里的修改可以参考我上面给的几篇博客．值得注意的是，我是在anaconda的虚拟环境caffe35中配置的caffe，这里的第74行应该改为：ANACONDA_HOME := $(HOME)/lx/software/anaconda3/envs/caffe35

## Refer to http://caffe.berkeleyvision.org/installation.html
# Contributions simplifying and improving our build system are welcome!

# cuDNN acceleration switch (uncomment to build with cuDNN).
USE_CUDNN := 1

# CPU-only switch (uncomment to build without GPU support).
# CPU_ONLY := 1

# uncomment to disable IO dependencies and corresponding data layers
# USE_OPENCV := 0
# USE_LEVELDB := 0
# USE_LMDB := 0
# This code is taken from https://github.com/sh1r0/caffe-android-lib
# USE_HDF5 := 0

# uncomment to allow MDB_NOLOCK when reading LMDB files (only if necessary)
#	You should not set this flag if you will be reading LMDBs with any
#	possibility of simultaneous read and write
# ALLOW_LMDB_NOLOCK := 1

# Uncomment if you're using OpenCV 3
OPENCV_VERSION := 3

# To customize your choice of compiler, uncomment and set the following.
# N.B. the default for Linux is g++ and the default for OSX is clang++
# CUSTOM_CXX := g++

# CUDA directory contains bin/ and lib/ directories that we need.
CUDA_DIR := /usr/local/cuda
# On Ubuntu 14.04, if cuda tools are installed via
# "sudo apt-get install nvidia-cuda-toolkit" then use this instead:
# CUDA_DIR := /usr

# CUDA architecture setting: going with all of them.
# For CUDA < 6.0, comment the *_50 through *_61 lines for compatibility.
# For CUDA < 8.0, comment the *_60 and *_61 lines for compatibility.
# For CUDA >= 9.0, comment the *_20 and *_21 lines for compatibility.
CUDA_ARCH : -gencode arch=compute_30,code=sm_30 \
		    -gencode arch=compute_35,code=sm_35 \
		    -gencode arch=compute_50,code=sm_50 \
		    -gencode arch=compute_52,code=sm_52 \
		    -gencode arch=compute_60,code=sm_60 \
		    -gencode arch=compute_61,code=sm_61 \
		    -gencode arch=compute_61,code=compute_61

# BLAS choice:
# atlas for ATLAS (default)
# mkl for MKL
# open for OpenBlas
# BLAS := atlas
BLAS := open
# Custom (MKL/ATLAS/OpenBLAS) include and lib directories.
# Leave commented to accept the defaults for your choice of BLAS
# (which should work)!
# BLAS_INCLUDE := /path/to/your/blas
# BLAS_LIB := /path/to/your/blas

# Homebrew puts openblas in a directory that is not on the standard search path
# BLAS_INCLUDE := $(shell brew --prefix openblas)/include
# BLAS_LIB := $(shell brew --prefix openblas)/lib

# This is required only if you will compile the matlab interface.
# MATLAB directory should contain the mex binary in /bin.
# MATLAB_DIR := /usr/local
# MATLAB_DIR := /Applications/MATLAB_R2012b.app

# NOTE: this is required only if you will compile the python interface.
# We need to be able to find Python.h and numpy/arrayobject.h.
# PYTHON_INCLUDE := /usr/include/python2.7 \
#		/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/numpy/core/include
# Anaconda Python distribution is quite popular. Include path:
# Verify anaconda location, sometimes it's in root.
 ANACONDA_HOME := $(HOME)/lx/software/anaconda3/envs/caffe35
 PYTHON_INCLUDE := $(ANACONDA_HOME)/include \
		 $(ANACONDA_HOME)/include/python3.5m \
		 $(ANACONDA_HOME)/lib/python3.5/site-packages/numpy/core/include \
         /home/lx/software/anaconda3/envs/caffe35/include/python3.5m


# Uncomment to use Python 3 (default is Python 2)
PYTHON_LIBRARIES := boost_python3 python3.5m
# PYTHON_INCLUDE := /usr/include/python3.5m \
#                 /usr/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/numpy/core/include

# We need to be able to find libpythonX.X.so or .dylib.
# PYTHON_LIB := /usr/lib
PYTHON_LIB := $(ANACONDA_HOME)/lib

# Homebrew installs numpy in a non standard path (keg only)
# PYTHON_INCLUDE += $(dir $(shell python -c 'import numpy.core; print(numpy.core.__file__)'))/include
# PYTHON_LIB += $(shell brew --prefix numpy)/lib

# Uncomment to support layers written in Python (will link against Python libs)
WITH_PYTHON_LAYER := 1

# Whatever else you find you need goes here.
INCLUDE_DIRS := $(PYTHON_INCLUDE) /usr/local/include /usr/include/hdf5/serial/
LIBRARY_DIRS := $(PYTHON_LIB) /usr/local/lib /usr/lib /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/hdf5/serial


# If Homebrew is installed at a non standard location (for example your home directory) and you use it for general dependencies
# INCLUDE_DIRS += $(shell brew --prefix)/include
# LIBRARY_DIRS += $(shell brew --prefix)/lib

# NCCL acceleration switch (uncomment to build with NCCL)
# https://github.com/NVIDIA/nccl (last tested version: v1.2.3-1+cuda8.0)
# USE_NCCL := 1

# Uncomment to use `pkg-config` to specify OpenCV library paths.
# (Usually not necessary -- OpenCV libraries are normally installed in one of the above $LIBRARY_DIRS.)
# USE_PKG_CONFIG := 1

# N.B. both build and distribute dirs are cleared on `make clean`
BUILD_DIR := build
DISTRIBUTE_DIR := distribute

# Uncomment for debugging. Does not work on OSX due to https://github.com/BVLC/caffe/issues/171
# DEBUG := 1

# The ID of the GPU that 'make runtest' will use to run unit tests.
TEST_GPUID := 0

# enable pretty build (comment to see full commands)
Q ?= @
LINKFLAGS := -Wl,-rpath,$(HOME)/software/anaconda3/lib

5. 修改Makefile文件

还是在caffe这个文件夹里

sudo gedit Makefile

用ctrl+f查询并修改

# Debugging
ifeq ($(DEBUG), 1)
	COMMON_FLAGS += -DDEBUG -g -O0
	NVCCFLAGS += -G
else
	COMMON_FLAGS += -DNDEBUG -O2
	NVCCFLAGS += -G
endif

将：
NVCCFLAGS +=-ccbin=$(CXX) -Xcompiler-fPIC $(COMMON_FLAGS)
替换为：
NVCCFLAGS += -D_FORCE_INLINES -ccbin=$(CXX) -Xcompiler -fPIC $(COMMON_FLAGS)

将：
LIBRARIES += glog gflags protobuf boost_system boost_filesystem m hdf5_hl hdf5
改为：
LIBRARIES += glog gflags protobuf boost_system boost_filesystem m hdf5_serial_hl hdf5_serial opencv_core opencv_imgproc opencv_imgcodecs opencv_highgui

修改 /usr/local/cuda-9.0/include/crt/host_config.h 文件 :

将
#error -- unsupported GNU version! gcc versions later than 6 are not supported!
改为
//#error -- unsupported GNU version! gcc versions later than 6 are not supported!

6. 编译

编译失败了，重新编译时，记得sudo make clean
开始编译：

sudo make clean 
sudo make all -j12

此时可能会报一大堆错误，只有慢慢排错．我在这说一下我遇到的问题．

错误：

/usr/bin/ld: warning: libjpeg.so.9, needed by /usr/local/lib/libopencv_imgcodecs.so, not found (try using -rpath or -rpath-link)
/usr/bin/ld: warning: libpng16.so.16, needed by /usr/local/lib/libopencv_imgcodecs.so, not found (try using -rpath or -rpath-link)

解决办法：

cd /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu
sudo ln -s ~/anaconda2/lib/libpng16.so.16 /usr/lib/
sudo ln -s ~/anaconda2/lib/libjpeg.so.9 /usr/lib/
sudo ldconfig # 运行完记得回到caffe文件夹下

错误：

/sbin/ldconfig.real: /usr/local/cuda-9.0/targets/x86_64-linux/lib/libcudnn.so.7 不是符号连接

解决办法：

sudo ln -sf /usr/local/cuda-9.0/lib64/libcudnn.so.7.0.5 /usr/local/cuda-9.0/lib64/libcudnn.so.7

错误：

//usr/lib/libpng16.so.16：对‘inflateValidate@ZLIB_1.2.9’未定义的引用

解决办法：

在Makefile.config中加入下列信息：
LINKFLAGS := -Wl,-rpath,{path to your anaconda}/anaconda3/lib
我这里是：
LINKFLAGS := -Wl,-rpath,$(HOME)/software/anaconda3/lib

排除全部错误后编译成功！
接着

sudo make test -j12

成功后输入

export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:/home/lx/software/anaconda3/lib:/home/lx/software/anaconda3/pkgs/python-3.6.1-2/lib

接着运行测试：

sudo make runtest -j12

运行时间大概有５分钟，运行成功

继续进入caffe下python目录，修改requirements.txt里为python-dateutil>=2.0：

sudo gedit requirements.txt

修改后运行

for req in $(cat requirements.txt); do pip install $req; done

最后对pycaffe配置：

cd ..
sudo make pycaffe

7. 测试

更改环境变量

sudo gedit /etc/profile
加入：export PYTHONPATH={path to your caffe}/caffe/python/:$PYTHONPATH
本文中是export PYTHONPATH=home/lx/caffe/python/:$PYTHONPATH

source一下使之生效

source /etc/profile

结束后测试

python
import caffe

没有报错就成功配置好了caffe!