OpenCV3 之 基本图形的绘制

1. 绘制直线的line函数

   line(图像img,起点,终点,Scalar(0,0,0),线宽,线型)；

2. 绘制椭圆的ellipse函数

ellipse(图像img,Point(点x,点y),Size(长,宽),旋转角度,0,360,Scalar(B,G,R),线宽,线型)；

3. 绘制矩形的rectangle函数

rectangle(图像img,Point(起点x,起点y),Point(终点x,终点y),Scalar(0,255,255),线宽,线型)

4. 绘制圆的circle函数

   circle(图像img,圆心坐标,半径,Scalar(0,0,255),线宽,线性)

注意：如果设置线宽为-1，则绘制的图形是实心的

5. 绘制填充多边形的fillPoly函数

fillPoly(图像img,顶点集,顶点数目,多边形数量,颜色,线形)

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// 例子
Point rookRoints[1][20];
rookPoints[0][0]=Point(x0,y0);
……
rookPoints[0][19]=Point(x19,y19);

const Point* ppt[1] = {rookPoints(0)};
int npt[]={20};

fillPoly(img,ppt,npt,1,Scalar(255,255,255),lineType);

例子

// By浅墨 毛星云
#include<opencv2\opencv.hpp>
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
using namespace cv;

#define WINDOW_NAME1 "【原子结构图】"        //为窗口标题定义的宏 
#define WINDOW_NAME2 "【图形组合test】"        //为窗口标题定义的宏 
#define WINDOW_WIDTH 600				  //定义窗口大小的宏

// 绘制不同角度、尺寸相同的椭圆
void DrawEllipse(Mat img, double angle) {
	int thickness = 2;
	int lineType = 8;
	ellipse(img,
		Point(WINDOW_WIDTH / 2, WINDOW_WIDTH / 2),
		Size(WINDOW_WIDTH / 4, WINDOW_WIDTH / 16),
		angle,
		0,
		360,
		Scalar(255, 129, 0),
		thickness,
		lineType
	);
}

// 绘制实心圆
void DrawFilledCircle(Mat img, Point center)
{
	int thickness = -1;
	int lineType = 8;

	circle(img,
		center,
		WINDOW_WIDTH / 32,
		Scalar(0, 0, 255),
		thickness,
		lineType);
}

// 绘制凹多边形
void DrawPolygon(Mat img)
{
	int lineType = 8;

	//创建一些点
	Point rookPoints[1][20];
	rookPoints[0][0] = Point(WINDOW_WIDTH / 4, 7 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 8);
	rookPoints[0][1] = Point(3 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 4, 7 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 8);
	rookPoints[0][2] = Point(3 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 4, 13 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 16);
	rookPoints[0][3] = Point(11 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 16, 13 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 16);
	rookPoints[0][4] = Point(19 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 32, 3 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 8);
	rookPoints[0][5] = Point(3 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 4, 3 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 8);
	rookPoints[0][6] = Point(3 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 4, WINDOW_WIDTH / 8);
	rookPoints[0][7] = Point(26 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 40, WINDOW_WIDTH / 8);
	rookPoints[0][8] = Point(26 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 40, WINDOW_WIDTH / 4);
	rookPoints[0][9] = Point(22 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 40, WINDOW_WIDTH / 4);
	rookPoints[0][10] = Point(22 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 40, WINDOW_WIDTH / 8);
	rookPoints[0][11] = Point(18 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 40, WINDOW_WIDTH / 8);
	rookPoints[0][12] = Point(18 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 40, WINDOW_WIDTH / 4);
	rookPoints[0][13] = Point(14 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 40, WINDOW_WIDTH / 4);
	rookPoints[0][14] = Point(14 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 40, WINDOW_WIDTH / 8);
	rookPoints[0][15] = Point(WINDOW_WIDTH / 4, WINDOW_WIDTH / 8);
	rookPoints[0][16] = Point(WINDOW_WIDTH / 4, 3 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 8);
	rookPoints[0][17] = Point(13 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 32, 3 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 8);
	rookPoints[0][18] = Point(5 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 16, 13 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 16);
	rookPoints[0][19] = Point(WINDOW_WIDTH / 4, 13 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 16);

	const Point* ppt[1] = { rookPoints[0] };
	int npt[] = { 20 };

	fillPoly(img,
		ppt,
		npt,
		1,
		Scalar(255, 255, 255),
		lineType);
}

// 绘制直线
void DrawLine(Mat img, Point start, Point end)
{
	int thickness = 2;
	int lineType = 8;
	line(img,
		start,
		end,
		Scalar(0, 0, 0),
		thickness,
		lineType);
}

int main() {

	Mat atomImage = Mat::zeros(WINDOW_WIDTH, WINDOW_WIDTH, CV_8UC3);
	Mat rookImage = Mat::zeros(WINDOW_WIDTH, WINDOW_WIDTH, CV_8UC3);

	//绘制 原子结构图
	DrawEllipse(atomImage, 90);
	DrawEllipse(atomImage, 0);
	DrawEllipse(atomImage, 45);
	DrawEllipse(atomImage, -45);
	DrawFilledCircle(atomImage, Point(WINDOW_WIDTH / 2, WINDOW_WIDTH / 2));

	//绘制 组合图
	DrawPolygon(rookImage);
	rectangle(rookImage, Point(0, 7 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 8),
		Point(WINDOW_WIDTH, WINDOW_WIDTH),
		Scalar(0, 255, 255),
		-1, 8
	);
	DrawLine(rookImage, Point(0, 15 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 16), Point(WINDOW_WIDTH, 15 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 16));
	DrawLine(rookImage, Point(WINDOW_WIDTH / 4, 7 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 8), Point(WINDOW_WIDTH / 4, WINDOW_WIDTH));
	DrawLine(rookImage, Point(WINDOW_WIDTH / 2, 7 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 8), Point(WINDOW_WIDTH / 2, WINDOW_WIDTH));
	DrawLine(rookImage, Point(3 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 4, 7 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 8), Point(3 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 4, WINDOW_WIDTH));

	// 显示图像
	imshow(WINDOW_NAME1, atomImage);
	moveWindow(WINDOW_NAME1, 0, 200);

	imshow(WINDOW_NAME2, rookImage);
	moveWindow(WINDOW_NAME2, WINDOW_WIDTH, 200);

	waitKey(0);
	return 0;
}

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参考书籍《OpenCV3编程入门》