C++自定义数据类型（谭浩强7.1-7.4）

例7.1：定义两个结构体变量student1和student2，初始化并赋值；

#include<iostream> 
using namespace std;
struct Date // 声明结构体类型Date
{
	int month;
	int day;
	int year;
};
struct Student //声明结构体类型Student
{
	int num;
	char name[20];
	char sex;
	Date birthday; //声明birthday为Date类型成员
	float score;
}student1, student2 = { 1002, "WangL", 'f',5,23,1992,89.5 };
int main()
{
	student1 = student2;
	cout << student1.num << endl;
	cout << student1.name << endl;
	cout << student1.sex << endl;
	cout << student1.birthday.month<<'/'<<student1.birthday.day
		<<'/'<<student1.birthday.year<< endl;
	cout << student1.score << endl;
	return 0;
}

执行效果如图：

例7.2结构体数组的定义和引用：有三个候选人竞选领导10个人投票统计得票数：

#include<iostream> 
using namespace std;
struct Person//声明结构体类型Person
{
	char name[20];
	int count;
};
int main()
{
	Person leader[3] = { "Li", 0, "Zhang", 0, "Sun", 0 };/*定义
	Person类型的数组，内用为三个候选人的名字和票数*/
	int i, j;
	char leader_name[20];
	for (i = 0; i < 10; i++)
	{
		cin >> leader_name;
		for (j = 0; j < 3; j++)
			if (strcmp(leader_name, leader[j].name) == 0)
			leader[j].count++;//如果与某一候选人姓名相同就加一票
	}
	cout << endl;
	for (i = 0; i < 3; i++)
		{
		cout << leader[i].name << ":" << leader[i].count << endl;
		}
	return 0;
}

执行效果如图：

例7.3，通过指向结构体变量的指针引用结构体变量中的成员；

#include<iostream> 
#include<string>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
	struct Student//声明结构体类型
	{
		int num;
		string name;
		char sex;
		float score;
	};
	Student stu;
	Student *p = &stu;//p为指向Student类型数据的指针变量并指向stu
	stu.num = 10301;
	stu.name = "Wang Fang";
	stu.sex = 'f';
	stu.score = 89.5;
	cout << stu.num << " " << stu.name << " " << stu.sex << " " <<
		stu.score << endl;
	cout << (*p).num << " " << (*p).name << " " << (*p).sex << " " <<
		p->score << endl;
	return 0;
}

执行结果如图：

例7.4，建立和输出一个简单的链表：

#define NULL 0//此行可以省略
#include<iostream> 
#include<string>
using namespace std;
	struct student//声明结构体类型
	{
		int num;
		float score;
		struct student *next;
	};
	int main()
	{
		student a, b, c, *head, *p;
		a.num = 31001; a.score = 89.5;//对节点a的成员赋值
		b.num = 31003; b.score = 90;//对节点b的成员赋值
		c.num = 31007; c.score = 85;//对节点c的成员赋值
		head = &a;//节点a的起始地址赋给头指针head
		a.next = &b;
		b.next = &c;
		c.next = NULL;
		p = head;//p指针指向a节点
		do
		{
			cout << p->num << " " << p->score << endl;
			p = p->next;//使p指向下一个节点
		} while (p != NULL);
		return 0;
}