【BI学习作业23-车辆路径规划问题】

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1.思考题

2.编程题

2.1多辆车的路径规划 VRP

条件：经过中国33个城市，一共4辆车，每辆车最大行驶10000公里

目标：使得每辆车的行驶里程数更接近

需要注意：在VRP问题中，路径上给点赋的index和点实际的index不一样，需要使用IndexToNode方法进行转换才能得到实际的index

任务：

1. 使用Ortools或其他工具完成代码
2. 能在有限时间内，得到较好的结果

import pandas as pd
from ortools.constraint_solver import routing_enums_pb2,pywrapcp


class tsp(object):
    def __init__(self, city_names=None):
        # 设置城市名称
        self.df = pd.read_excel('./cities.xlsx')
        self.all_city = self.df['name'].values
        if city_names is not None:
            self.city_names = city_names
            self.df = self.df[self.df['name'].isin(city_names)]
        else:
            self.city_names = self.all_city
            
    def create_data_model(self):
        data = {}
        temp = pd.read_excel('./distance.xlsx', index_col=0)
        # 按照city_names进行筛选
        temp = temp[(temp.index.isin(self.city_names))][self.city_names]
        print(temp)
        data['distance_matrix'] = temp.values/1000
        
        data['num_vehicles'] = 1 # 车的数量
        data['depot'] = 0 # 从哪个点出发
        return data
    
    # 输出结果
    def get_solution(self,manager, routing, solution):
        print('总行驶里程: {} 公里'.format(solution.ObjectiveValue()))
        index = routing.Start(0)
#         plan_output = '车辆的路径:\n'
        route = []
        route_distance = 0
        while not routing.IsEnd(index):
            # 使用indextonode将manager中的index转换为distance_matrix中的index
#             plan_output += ' {} ->'.format(city_names[manager.IndexToNode(index)])
            index_show = manager.IndexToNode(index)
            # 添加到route
            route.append(index_show)
            previous_index = index
            # 走到下一个节点
            index = solution.Value(routing.NextVar(index))
            # 统计previous_index到index节点的距离
            route_distance += routing.GetArcCostForVehicle(previous_index, index, 0)
        return route,route_distance
    
    def work(self):
        # step1，初始化得到三个参数字典
        data = self.create_data_model()
        # step2，创建路线管理,tsp_size（城市数量）, num_vehicles（车的数量）, depot（原点）
        manager = pywrapcp.RoutingIndexManager(len(data['distance_matrix']),
                                               data['num_vehicles'], data['depot'])

        # step3，创建 Routing Model.
        routing = pywrapcp.RoutingModel(manager)

        # step4，计算两点之间的距离。输入的是manager中两个节点的index，输出的是节点之间的距离
        def distance_callback(from_index, to_index):
            # 将index转换为distance_matrix中的节点index
            # Convert from routing variable Index to distance matrix NodeIndex.
            from_node = manager.IndexToNode(from_index)
            to_node = manager.IndexToNode(to_index)
            return data['distance_matrix'][from_node][to_node]
        # 注册函数
        transit_callback_index = routing.RegisterTransitCallback(distance_callback)

        # Define cost of each arc.
        routing.SetArcCostEvaluatorOfAllVehicles(transit_callback_index)
        #step5，设置参数策略
        # Setting first solution heuristic.
        search_parameters = pywrapcp.DefaultRoutingSearchParameters()
        search_parameters.first_solution_strategy = (
            routing_enums_pb2.FirstSolutionStrategy.PATH_CHEAPEST_ARC)

        # step6，求解路径规划
        solution = routing.SolveWithParameters(search_parameters)
        # step7，输出结果
        route, route_distance = self.get_solution(manager,routing,solution)
        return route,route_distance
        

测试1：使用全量的城市，不对city_names进行筛选

model = tsp()
route, route_distance = model.work()
print(route)
print(route_distance)
"""
总行驶里程: 19799 公里
[0, 6, 22, 21, 23, 24, 26, 27, 25, 12, 32, 11, 31, 30, 10, 9, 8, 15, 13, 28, 29, 14, 20, 17, 18, 19, 7, 5, 16, 1, 4, 2, 3]
"""

测试2：city_names = [‘北京’, ‘天津’, ‘南京’]

city_names = ['北京', '天津', '南京']
model = tsp(city_names = city_names)
model.create_data_model()
route, route_distance = model.work()
print(route)
print(route_distance)
"""
         北京      天津       南京
北京        0  122476  1002497
天津   122476       0   935319
南京  1002497  935319        0
         北京      天津       南京
北京        0  122476  1002497
天津   122476       0   935319
南京  1002497  935319        0
总行驶里程: 2059 公里
[0, 1, 2]
2059
"""