PostgreSQL14 学习笔记_2.1_练习

最新推荐文章于 2022-03-25 11:17:06 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2022-03-25 11:17:06 发布

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分类专栏：数据库文章标签： postgresql

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@[目录]
这是超经典SQL练习题，做完这些你的ＳＱＬ就过关了的题目在PostgreSQL14上的解答。

创建测试表格

创建数据库

CREATE DATABASE edudb_test;

创建表并插入数据

学生表

CREATE TABLE student(
	s_id VARCHAR(10),
	s_name VARCHAR(20),
	s_age DATE,
	s_sex CHAR(1)
);
INSERT INTO student(s_id, s_name, s_age, s_sex) VALUES
	('01' , '赵雷' , '19900101' , '男'),
	('02' , '钱电' , '19901221' , '男'),
	('03' , '孙风' , '19900520' , '男'),
	('04' , '李云' , '19900806' , '男'),
	('05' , '周梅' , '19911201' , '女'),
	('06' , '吴兰' , '19920301' , '女'),
	('07' , '郑竹' , '19890701' , '女'),
	('08' , '王菊' , '19900120' , '女')
;

科目表

CREATE TABLE course(
	c_id VARCHAR(10),
	c_name VARCHAR(20),
	t_id VARCHAR(10)
);
INSERT INTO course VALUES
	('01' , '语文' , '02'),
	('02' , '数学' , '01'),
	('03' , '英语' , '03')
;

教师表

CREATE TABLE teacher(
	t_id VARCHAR(10),
	t_name VARCHAR(20)
);
INSERT INTO teacher VALUES
	('01' , '张三'),
	('02' , '李四'),
	('03' , '王五')
;

成绩表

CREATE TABLE score(
	s_id VARCHAR(10),
	c_id VARCHAR(10),
	sc_score DECIMAL(3,1)
);
INSERT INTO score VALUES
	('01' , '01' , 80),
	('01' , '02' , 90),
	('01' , '03' , 99),
	('02' , '01' , 70),
	('02' , '02' , 60),
	('02' , '03' , 80),
	('03' , '01' , 80),
	('03' , '02' , 80),
	('03' , '03' , 80),
	('04' , '01' , 50),
	('04' , '02' , 30),
	('04' , '03' , 20),
	('05' , '01' , 76),
	('05' , '02' , 87),
	('06' , '01' , 31),
	('06' , '03' , 34),
	('07' , '02' , 89),
	('07' , '03' , 98)
;

５０道练习题

1. 查询" 01 “课程比” 02 "课程成绩高的学生的信息及课程分数

SELECT st.*, sc1.sc_score FROM student AS st INNER JOIN score AS sc1 
	ON st.s_id = sc1.s_id
	WHERE c_id = '02' 
	AND sc1.sc_score > (SELECT sc2.sc_score FROM score AS sc2 WHERE c_id='01' AND sc1.s_id = sc2.s_id);
/*原博主的方法*/
SELECT sc1.*, sc2.c_id, sc2.sc_score 
FROM (SELECT * FROM score WHERE c_id='01') AS sc1
LEFT JOIN 
(SELECT * FROM score WHERE c_id='02') AS sc2
ON sc1.s_id = sc2.s_id
WHERE sc1.sc_score > sc2.sc_score;

1.1 查询同时存在" 01 “课程和” 02 "课程的情况

SELECT sc1.*, sc2.c_id, sc2.sc_score 
FROM (SELECT * FROM score WHERE c_id='01') AS sc1
INNER JOIN 
(SELECT * FROM score WHERE c_id='02') AS sc2
ON sc1.s_id = sc2.s_id;

1.2 查询存在" 01 “课程但可能不存在” 02 "课程的情况(不存在时显示为 null )

SELECT sc1.*, sc2.c_id, sc2.sc_score 
FROM (SELECT * FROM score WHERE c_id='01') AS sc1
LEFT JOIN 
(SELECT * FROM score WHERE c_id='02') AS sc2
ON sc1.s_id = sc2.s_id;

1.3 查询不存在" 01 “课程但存在” 02 "课程的情况

SELECT sc2.*
FROM (SELECT * FROM score WHERE c_id='01') AS sc1
RIGHT JOIN 
(SELECT * FROM score WHERE c_id='02') AS sc2
ON sc1.s_id = sc2.s_id
WHERE sc1.sc_score is null;
/*原博主的方法*/
SELECT sc2.*
FROM score AS sc2
WHERE sc2.c_id = '02' and sc2.s_id not in (SELECT s_id FROM score WHERE c_id = '01');

2. 查询平均成绩大于等于 60 分的同学的学生编号和学生姓名和平均成绩

SELECT st.s_id, st.s_name, sc.avg_score 
	FROM student AS st 
	INNER JOIN 
	(SELECT s_id, AVG(sc_score) AS avg_score FROM score GROUP BY s_id) AS sc 
	ON st.s_id = sc.s_id
	WHERE sc.avg_score >= 60;

3. 查询在 SC 表存在成绩的学生信息

SELECT st.*
	FROM student AS st 
	INNER JOIN 
	(SELECT DISTINCT s_id FROM score) AS sc 
	ON st.s_id = sc.s_id;
/*原博主的方法
因为没有连接查询，原博主的效率更高。*/
SELECT * FROM student WHERE s_id in (SELECT DISTINCT s_id FROM score);

4. 查询所有同学的学生编号、学生姓名、选课总数、所有课程的总成绩(没成绩的显示为 null )

SELECT st.s_id, st.s_name, sc.course_count, sc.sum_score
	FROM student AS st 
	LEFT JOIN 
	(SELECT s_id, count(c_id) AS course_count, sum(sc_score) as sum_score FROM score GROUP BY s_id) AS sc 
	ON st.s_id = sc.s_id;

4.1 查有成绩的学生信息

SELECT st.*
	FROM student AS st 
	INNER JOIN 
	(SELECT DISTINCT s_id FROM score) AS sc 
	ON st.s_id = sc.s_id;

5. 查询「李」姓老师的数量

SELECT count(t_id) FROM teacher WHERE t_name like '李%';

6. 查询学过「张三」老师授课的同学的信息

SELECT st.* FROM 
	student AS st LEFT JOIN score AS sc ON st.s_id = sc.s_id 
	WHERE sc.c_id = (
		SELECT c_id FROM course WHERE t_id = (
			SELECT t_id FROM teacher WHERE t_name = '张三'
		)
	)
;
/*原博主的方法*/
SELECT * FROM student WHERE s_id in (
	SELECT DISTINCT s_id FROM score
	WHERE c_id = (SELECT c_id FROM Course 
				 WHERE t_id = (SELECT t_id FROM teacher
							  WHERE t_name = '张三'
							  )
				 )
);

7. 查询没有学全所有课程的同学的信息

/*这里添加了IS NULL的条件。如果删除此条件，则不会显示一门课没考的同学信息*/
SELECT st.*, course_count FROM 
	student AS st 
	LEFT JOIN (
		SELECT s_id, count(c_id) AS course_count FROM score GROUP BY s_id
	) AS sc 
	ON st.s_id = sc.s_id 
	WHERE sc.course_count<3 OR sc.course_count IS NULL
;
/*原博主的方法*/
SELECT * FROM student WHERE s_id IN (
	SELECT s_id FROM score
	GROUP BY s_id HAVING count(c_id)<3
);
SELECT * FROM student WHERE s_id NOT IN (
	SELECT s_id FROM score
	GROUP BY s_id HAVING count(c_id)=3
);

8. 查询至少有一门课与学号为" 01 "的同学所学相同的同学的信息

SELECT st.* FROM 
	student AS st 
	INNER JOIN 
	(
		SELECT DISTINCT s_id FROM score 
			WHERE c_id IN (SELECT c_id FROM score WHERE s_id='01') AND s_id!='01'
	) AS sc 
	ON st.s_id = sc.s_id
;
/*原博主的方法*/
SELECT * FROM student WHERE s_id IN (
	SELECT s_id FROM score
	WHERE c_id in (SELECT DISTINCT c_id FROM score 
				   WHERE s_id='01')
	AND s_id!='01'
);

9. 查询和" 01 "号的同学学习的课程完全相同的其他同学的信息

SELECT st.* 
	FROM student AS st 
	INNER JOIN (
		SELECT s_id, count(c_id) AS count_c_id FROM score GROUP BY s_id
	) AS sc
	ON st.s_id = sc.s_id
	WHERE sc.count_c_id = (SELECT count(c_id) FROM score WHERE s_id='01')
;
/*原博主的方法*/
SELECT * FROM student
	WHERE s_id IN (
		SELECT s_id FROM score 
		GROUP BY s_id HAVING count(c_id)=(
			SELECT count(c_id) FROM score 
			WHERE s_id='01')
	);

10. 查询没学过"张三"老师讲授的任一门课程的学生姓名

SELECT st.* FROM student AS st
			WHERE st.s_id NOT IN (
				SELECT s_id FROM score WHERE c_id IN (
					SELECT c_id FROM course WHERE t_id = (
						SELECT t_id FROM teacher WHERE t_name = '张三'
					)
				));
;

11. 查询两门及其以上不及格课程的同学的学号，姓名及其平均成绩

SELECT st.s_id, st.s_name, sc.avg_sc 
	FROM student AS st 
	INNER JOIN (
		SELECT DISTINCT s_id, count(sc_score) AS count_sc, avg(sc_score) AS avg_sc FROM score GROUP BY s_id
	) AS sc 
	ON st.s_id = sc.s_id 
	WHERE sc.count_sc >=2 AND sc.avg_sc < 60
;

12. 检索" 01 "课程分数小于 60，按分数降序排列的学生信息

SELECT st.s_id, st.s_name, sc.sc_score 
FROM student AS st 
RIGHT JOIN score AS sc
ON st.s_id=sc.s_id
WHERE sc.c_id='01' AND sc.sc_score < 60
ORDER BY sc.sc_score DESC;

13. 按平均成绩从高到低显示所有学生的所有课程的成绩以及平均成绩

SELECT st.* FROM 
	student AS st 
	LEFT JOIN (
		SELECT s_id, sc_score FROM score WHERE c_id='01'
	) AS sc 
	ON st.s_id = sc.s_id 
	WHERE sc.sc_score<60 
	ORDER BY sc.sc_score DESC
;

14. 查询各科成绩最高分、最低分和平均分：

以如下形式显示：课程 ID，课程 name，最高分，最低分，平均分，及格率，中等率，优良率，优秀率
及格为>=60，中等为：70-80，优良为：80-90，优秀为：>=90
要求输出课程号和选修人数，查询结果按人数降序排列，若人数相同，按课程号升序排列

WITH RECURSIVE sc1(c_id, score, jige, zhongdeng, youliang,youxiu) AS (
SELECT c_id, sc_score, 
	CASE WHEN sc_score>=60 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END AS jige, 
	CASE WHEN sc_score>=70 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END AS zhongdeng,
	CASE WHEN sc_score>=80 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END AS youliang,
	CASE WHEN sc_score>=90 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END AS youxiu
	FROM score
)
SELECT c_id, 
	count(score), 
	max(score) AS max_sc, 
	min(score) AS min_sc, 
	round(avg(score),2) AS avg_sc, 
	round(avg(jige)*100,2) AS per_jige,
	round(avg(zhongdeng)*100,2) AS per_zhongdeng,
	round(avg(youliang)*100,2) AS per_youliang,
	round(avg(youxiu)*100,2) AS per_youxiug
	FROM sc1 
	GROUP BY c_id
	ORDER BY count(score) DESC, c_id
;

15. 按各科成绩进行排序，并显示排名， Score 重复时保留名次空缺

SELECT st.s_id, st.s_name, RANK() OVER(ORDER BY sc_score DESC) AS rank1, sc.sc_score
FROM (
	SELECT s_id, sc_score 
	FROM score WHERE c_id='01'
	) AS sc 
	INNER JOIN student AS st 
ON sc.s_id=st.s_id
;

15.1 按各科成绩进行排序，并显示排名， Score 重复时合并名次

SELECT st.s_id, st.s_name, DENSE_RANK() OVER(ORDER BY sc_score DESC) AS rank1, sc.sc_score
FROM (
	SELECT s_id, sc_score 
	FROM score WHERE c_id='01'
	) AS sc 
	INNER JOIN student AS st 
ON sc.s_id=st.s_id
;

16. 查询学生的总成绩，并进行排名，总分重复时保留名次空缺

SELECT st.s_id, st.s_name, RANK() OVER(ORDER BY sum_score DESC) AS rank1, sc.sum_score
FROM (
	SELECT s_id, sum(sc_score) AS sum_score
	FROM score GROUP BY s_id
	) AS sc 
	INNER JOIN student AS st 
ON sc.s_id=st.s_id;

16.1 查询学生的总成绩，并进行排名，总分重复时不保留名次空缺

SELECT st.s_id, st.s_name, DENSE_RANK() OVER(ORDER BY sum_score DESC) AS rank1, sc.sum_score
FROM (
	SELECT s_id, sum(sc_score) AS sum_score
	FROM score GROUP BY s_id
	) AS sc 
	INNER JOIN student AS st 
ON sc.s_id=st.s_id;

17. 统计各科成绩各分数段人数：课程编号，课程名称，[100-85]，[85-70]，[70-60]，[60-0] 及所占百分比

注：题干中分数段[100-85]用的是闭区间，会导致85、70和60被重复计算。
所以改为半开区间（100-85]，（85-70]，（70-60]，（60-0]。

WITH RECURSIVE sc1(c_id, score) AS (
SELECT c_id, sc_score, 
	CASE WHEN sc_score< 60 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END AS scale1, 
	CASE WHEN sc_score>=60 AND sc_score<70 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END AS scale2,
	CASE WHEN sc_score>=70 AND sc_score<85 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END AS scale3,
	CASE WHEN sc_score>=85 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END AS scale4
	FROM score
)
SELECT sc1.c_id, course.c_name,
	sum(sc1.scale1) AS scale1, 
	sum(sc1.scale2) AS scale2, 
	sum(sc1.scale3) AS scale3, 
	sum(sc1.scale4) AS scale4, 
	round(avg(scale1)*100,2) AS per_scale1,
	round(avg(scale2)*100,2) AS per_scale2,
	round(avg(scale3)*100,2) AS per_scale3,
	round(avg(scale4)*100,2) AS per_scale4
	FROM sc1 INNER JOIN course ON sc1.c_id=course.c_id
	GROUP BY sc1.c_id, course.c_name
;

18. 查询各科成绩前三名的记录

SELECT * FROM (
	SELECT *, RANK() OVER(PARTITION BY c_id order by sc_score DESC) AS rank1
	FROM score) AS sc
WHERE rank1<=3
;

19. 查询每门课程被选修的学生数

SELECT cr.c_name, count(sc.s_id)
FROM score AS sc RIGHT JOIN course AS cr
ON sc.c_id = cr.c_id
GROUP BY cr.c_name;

20. 查询出只选修两门课程的学生学号和姓名

SELECT st.s_id, st.s_name 
FROM student AS st 
INNER JOIN (
	SELECT s_id, count(c_id) AS count_c_id
	FROM score
	GROUP BY s_id) AS sc
ON st.s_id = sc.s_id
WHERE sc.count_c_id = 2
;
/*原博主的方法*/
SELECT s_id, s_name FROM student
WHERE s_id IN (
	SELECT s_id FROM (
		SELECT s_id, count(c_id) AS count_c_id FROM score GROUP BY s_id
	) AS sc
	WHERE count_c_id = 2
);

21. 查询男生、女生人数

SELECT s_sex, count(s_id) FROM student GROUP BY s_sex;

22. 查询名字中含有「风」字的学生信息

/*使用了正则表达式*/
SELECT student.* FROM student WHERE s_name~'.*风.*';

SELECT student.* FROM student WHERE s_name LIKE '%风%';

23. 查询同名同性学生名单，并统计同名人数

WITH  RECURSIVE st1 AS (
	SELECT s_name, count(s_name) AS count_name FROM student GROUP BY s_name, s_sex
)
SELECT student.s_name FROM student LEFT JOIN st1 ON student.s_name = st1.s_name WHERE st1.count_name>1;

24. 查询 1990 年出生的学生名单

SELECT * FROM student WHERE EXTRACT(YEAR FROM s_age)=1990;

25. 查询每门课程的平均成绩，结果按平均成绩降序排列，平均成绩相同时，按课程编号升序排列

SELECT c_id, avg(sc_score) AS avgsc 
FROM score 
GROUP BY c_id 
ORDER BY avgsc DESC, c_id
;

26. 查询平均成绩大于等于 85 的所有学生的学号、姓名和平均成绩

SELECT st.s_id, st.s_name, sc.avg_score 
FROM student AS st INNER JOIN (SELECT s_id, avg(sc_score) AS avg_score FROM score GROUP BY s_id) AS sc
ON st.s_id = sc.s_id 
WHERE sc.avg_score>=85;

27. 查询课程名称为「数学」，且分数低于 60 的学生姓名和分数

SELECT s_id, sc_score 
FROM score LEFT JOIN course 
ON score.c_id = course.c_id 
WHERE course.c_name='数学' AND score.sc_score<60;

28. 查询所有学生的课程及分数情况（存在学生没成绩，没选课的情况）

SELECT st.s_name, sc2.c_name, sc2.sc_score FROM (
	SELECT sc.s_id, course.c_name, sc.sc_score 
	FROM score AS sc LEFT JOIN course 
	ON sc.c_id = course.c_id)
AS sc2 RIGHT JOIN student AS st 
ON sc2.s_id = st.s_id;

29. 查询任何一门课程成绩在 70 分以上的姓名、课程名称和分数

SELECT st.s_name, sc2.c_name, sc2.sc_score FROM (
	SELECT sc.s_id, course.c_name, sc.sc_score 
	FROM score AS sc LEFT JOIN course 
	ON sc.c_id = course.c_id)
AS sc2 RIGHT JOIN student AS st 
ON sc2.s_id = st.s_id
WHERE sc2.sc_score>=70;

30. 查询不及格的课程

SELECT st.s_name, sc2.c_name, sc2.sc_score FROM (
	SELECT sc.s_id, course.c_name, sc.sc_score 
	FROM score AS sc LEFT JOIN course 
	ON sc.c_id = course.c_id)
AS sc2 RIGHT JOIN student AS st 
ON sc2.s_id = st.s_id
WHERE sc2.sc_score<60;

31. 查询课程编号为 01 且课程成绩在 80 分以上的学生的学号和姓名

SELECT st.s_id, st.s_name 
FROM student AS st RIGHT JOIN score AS sc 
ON st.s_id=sc.s_id
WHERE sc.c_id = '01' AND sc.sc_score>=80;

32. 求每门课程的学生人数

SELECT c_id, count(s_id) FROM score GROUP BY c_id;

33. 成绩不重复，查询选修「张三」老师所授课程的学生中，成绩最高的学生信息及其成绩

SELECT st.*, sc.sc_score 
FROM student AS st RIGHT JOIN score AS sc
ON st.s_id = sc.s_id
WHERE sc.c_id = (SELECT c_id 
			  FROM course INNER JOIN teacher 
			  ON course.t_id = teacher.t_id 
			  WHERE teacher.t_name = '张三')
ORDER BY sc_score DESC
LIMIT 1;

34. 成绩有重复的情况下，查询选修「张三」老师所授课程的学生中，成绩最高的学生信息及其成绩

成绩有重复，意味着成绩最高的可能是多个

SELECT st.*, sc.sc_score 
FROM student AS st RIGHT JOIN score AS sc
ON st.s_id = sc.s_id
WHERE sc.sc_score = (SELECT max(sc2.sc_score) 
					 FROM score AS sc2 
					 WHERE c_id = (SELECT c_id 
			  					  FROM course INNER JOIN teacher 
			  					  ON course.t_id = teacher.t_id 
			  					  WHERE teacher.t_name = '张三')
					)
;

35. 查询不同课程成绩相同的学生的学生编号、课程编号、学生成绩

WITH RECURSIVE sc2 AS (
	SELECT c_id, count(s_id) as count_s_id, sc_score 
	FROM score 
	GROUP BY c_id, sc_score)
SELECT sc.s_id, sc.c_id, sc.sc_score 
FROM score AS sc INNER JOIN sc2
ON sc.sc_score = sc2.sc_score AND sc.c_id = sc2.c_id
WHERE sc2.count_s_id >1;

36. 查询每门功课成绩最好的前两名

SELECT st.s_id, st.s_name, sc.c_id, sc.rank1 
FROM student AS st
RIGHT JOIN (
	SELECT s_id, c_id, ROW_NUMBER() over(PARTITION BY c_id order by sc_score DESC) AS rank1 
	FROM score) AS sc
ON st.s_id = sc.s_id
WHERE sc.rank1<3
ORDER BY sc.c_id, sc.rank1
;

37. 统计每门课程的学生选修人数（超过 5 人的课程才统计）

SELECT c_id, count_s_id 
FROM (
	SELECT c_id, count(s_id) AS count_s_id 
	FROM score 
	GROUP BY c_id) AS sc
WHERE count_s_id>5;

38. 检索至少选修两门课程的学生学号

SELECT s_id
FROM (
	SELECT s_id, count(c_id) AS count_c_id 
	FROM score 
	GROUP BY s_id) AS sc
WHERE count_c_id>1;

39. 查询选修了全部课程的学生信息

SELECT s_id
FROM (
	SELECT s_id, count(c_id) AS count_c_id 
	FROM score 
	GROUP BY s_id) AS sc
WHERE count_c_id=3;

40. 查询各学生的年龄，只按年份来算

SELECT s_id, EXTRACT(YEAR FROM NOW())-EXTRACT(YEAR FROM s_age) AS age 
FROM student;

41. 按照出生日期来算，当前月日 < 出生年月的月日则，年龄减一

SELECT s_id, date_part('year',age(s_age)) AS age 
FROM student;

42. 查询本周过生日的学生

SELECT s_id,s_name,s_age FROM (
	SELECT s_id,s_name,s_age, EXTRACT(week FROM s_age) AS num_week 
	FROM student) AS st
WHERE num_week = EXTRACT(week FROM now());

43. 查询下周过生日的学生

SELECT s_id,s_name,s_age FROM (
	SELECT s_id,s_name,s_age, EXTRACT(week FROM (s_age - interval '1 week')) AS num_week 
	FROM student) AS st
WHERE num_week = EXTRACT(week FROM now());

44. 查询本月过生日的学生

SELECT s_id,s_name,s_age FROM (
	SELECT s_id,s_name,s_age, date_part('month', s_age) AS birth_month
	FROM student) AS st
WHERE birth_month = EXTRACT(month FROM now());

45. 查询下月过生日的学生

SELECT s_id,s_name,s_age FROM (
	SELECT s_id,s_name,s_age, EXTRACT(month FROM (s_age - interval '1 month')) AS num_month 
	FROM student) AS st
WHERE num_month = EXTRACT(month FROM now());`

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PostgreSQL14 学习笔记_2.1_练习

@[目录]这是超经典SQL练习题，做完这些你的ＳＱＬ就过关了的题目在PostgreSQL14上的解答。创建测试表格创建数据库CREATE DATABASE edudb_test;创建表并插入数据学生表CREATE TABLE student( s_id VARCHAR(10), s_name VARCHAR(20), s_age DATE, s_sex CHAR(1));INSERT INTO student(s_id, s_name, s_age, s_sex) VALUES
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