解除R中从github上下载包API限制的问题（Error: Failed to install ‘unknown package‘ from GitHub: HTTP error 403. ）

最近在github上下载包，出现了API下载速率限制的问题，返回error 403，并要求使用github_token（）取消api rate 的限制。这是因为github会扫描需要安装的依赖程序，如果数目超过他的api rate，github就会限制下载，解决办法是使用自己的token认证（相当于去github上认证一下，挂个号，然后给你安装）。我检索了一圈，发现很多人出现这个问题，但中文网络中没有解决办法，捣鼓了一天终于解决了。问题如下

# 从github上安装森林图软件ggforestplot出现403报错
> devtools::install_github("NightingaleHealth/ggforestplot", build_vignettes = TRUE)
Error: Failed to install 'unknown package' from GitHub:
  HTTP error 403.
  API rate limit exceeded for 175.29.122.76. (But here's the good news: Authenticated requests get a higher rate limit. Check out the documentation for more details.)

  Rate limit remaining: 0/60
  Rate limit reset at: 2021-12-19 03:33:21 UTC

  To increase your GitHub API rate limit
  - Use `usethis::create_github_token()` to create a Personal Access Token.
  - Use `usethis::edit_r_environ()` and add the token as `GITHUB_PAT`.

发现是github的API rate限制，并且需要通过github token 提供GitHub API rate 限制，所以首先去github官网注册一个账号。然后在github的个人主页-settings-Developer settings-Personal access tokens-creat new token。具体步骤如下：

第一步：制备github token

1. 申请个人github账号，如果已经有账号登入就行，点击右上角个人图像，进去后点击下拉菜单中的settings。

2. 进去settings 后点击最下面的Developer settings

3. 点击Person access tokens, 点击右上角的Generate new token, 建立新的token

4. 首先命名你的token，可以随意写。然后选择token失效的时间，如果担心密码泄漏，可以选30天，30天后失效需要重新设置。我选的永久。最后勾选repo，token用于下载github上的代码仓库。点击generate token。

5. token 制备好了，记得拷贝形成的token密码，我的token密码是ghp_8h。。开头的，因为只出现一次，拷贝下来保存在记事本或者word中后续备用。

第二步， 在r中把token设置在环境变量中

1.打开rstudio 或者r，输入 usethis::edit_r_environ()，运行

> usethis::edit_r_environ()

2. 运行后，在代码区把第一次出现的token拷贝过去

GITHUB_TOKEN="ghp_8lNL22DYuvxnvODL6din7C9DdddTcQc"

我这个token是手输入的，可能不准确，实际使用中拷贝过去即可。保存，或者ctrl+s. 关闭r或者rstudio。

3. 重新打开rstudio，一定要关闭后重新打开，不然环境变量没加进去。重新安装发现可以正常安装。

> devtools::install_github("NightingaleHealth/ggforestplot")
Using github PAT from envvar GITHUB_TOKEN
Downloading GitHub repo NightingaleHealth/ggforestplot@HEAD
These packages have more recent versions available.
It is recommended to update all of them.
Which would you like to update?

1: All                                
2: CRAN packages only                 
3: None                               
4: glue      (1.5.0  -> 1.6.0 ) [CRAN]
5: withr     (2.4.2  -> 2.4.3 ) [CRAN]
6: digest    (0.6.28 -> 0.6.29) [CRAN]
7: cpp11     (0.4.1  -> 0.4.2 ) [CRAN]
8: stringi   (1.7.5  -> 1.7.6 ) [CRAN]
9: backports (1.3.0  -> 1.4.1 ) [CRAN]

Enter one or more numbers, or an empty line to skip updates: 1
glue         (1.5.0  -> 1.6.0 ) [CRAN]
withr        (2.4.2  -> 2.4.3 ) [CRAN]
digest       (0.6.28 -> 0.6.29) [CRAN]
cpp11        (0.4.1  -> 0.4.2 ) [CRAN]
stringi      (1.7.5  -> 1.7.6 ) [CRAN]
yulab.utils  (NA     -> 0.0.4 ) [CRAN]
gridGraphics (NA     -> 0.5-1 ) [CRAN]
tweenr       (NA     -> 0.3.3 ) [CRAN]
Installing 12 packages: glue, withr, digest, cpp11, stringi, yulab.utils, gridGraphics, tweenr, backports, ggstance, ggplotify, ggforce

  There is a binary version available but the source version is later:
     binary source needs_compilation
glue  1.5.1  1.6.0              TRUE

Do you want to install from sources the package which needs compilation? (Yes/no/cancel) YES
trying URL 'https://mirror.lzu.edu.cn/CRAN/bin/macosx/contrib/4.0/withr_2.4.3.tgz'
Content type 'application/octet-stream' length 213991 bytes (208 KB)
==================================================
downloaded 208 KB

trying URL 'https://mirror.lzu.edu.cn/CRAN/bin/macosx/contrib/4.0/digest_0.6.29.tgz'
Content type 'application/octet-stream' length 298444 bytes (291 KB)
==================================================
downloaded 291 KB

trying URL 'https://mirror.lzu.edu.cn/CRAN/bin/macosx/contrib/4.0/cpp11_0.4.2.tgz'
Content type 'application/octet-stream' length 304354 bytes (297 KB)
==================================================
downloaded 297 KB

......

4. 测试包是否安装成功：

> library(tidyverse)
> library(ggforestplot)
> # Get subset of example, linear associations, data frame
> df_linear <-
+     ggforestplot::df_linear_associations %>%
+     dplyr::arrange(name) %>%
+     dplyr::filter(dplyr::row_number() <= 30)
> 
> # Forestplot
> forestplot(
+     df = df_linear,
+     estimate = beta,
+     logodds = FALSE,
+     colour = trait,
+     title = "Associations to metabolic traits",
+     xlab = "1-SD increment in cardiometabolic trait
+   per 1-SD increment in biomarker concentration"
+ )

运行成功