语法长难句-----特殊结构（二）

特殊结构

虚拟语气

• 什么是虚拟语气

  • 表示与事实相反或者语气委婉

• 虚拟语气的一般用法

  • if条件状语从句

    • 原来的时态

      • If you are a tear in my years,I will never shed it.
      • If I was a dog last night ,I could sleep with you in bed.

    • 变成虚拟语气

      • If you were a tear in my years,I would never shed it.
      • If I had been a dog last night ,I could have slept with you in bed.

  • 如何把一个正常的条件状语变成虚拟语气呢

    • 只需要把已经写的句子时态变成它的过去式就可

      • 需要注意的是，虚拟语气中所有be动词过去式是were没有was，还需要注意虚拟语气中，would=could=might

  • 句子练习

    • 我是否还记得你的下辈子，我们一定在一起。

      • Did I still remember you in my next life ,we should definitely stay together.

    • 如果您一开始就跟随我，您本可以顺利通过考试。

      • Had you followed me at the beginning ,you could have passed the examination smoothly.

• 特殊用法

  • 以下情况从句用“should+v”表示虚拟并且should可以省略

    • 以防

      • in case that
      • for fear that
      • lest

    • 命

      • order
      • direct
      • command

    • 贱

      • suggest
      • advice
      • propose

    • 要求

      • ask
      • request
      • require
      • demand

    • 用虚拟

    • 是必要的

      • It is necessary (important) that

    • 如果要下雨，最好呆在家里。

      • In case that it should rain ,you had better stay at home.

    • 当局似乎有必要鼓励公民保护我们的环境。

      • It seems necessary that authorities should inspire citizens to protect our environment.

  • 以下情况从句用一般过去时表虚拟

    • 常见 would rather 和 It is high time that…

  • 以下情况要区别对待，就是把原来的时态变成过去式就可以了

    • 常见的有

      • wish

      • if …only

        • 如果…该多好

      • but for

        • 要不是…

      • or/otherwise

        • 否则

      • as if /as though

        • 好像

    • 举例句子

      • He treats me as if I were his son.
      • He treats me as if I had been his son.

• 长难句分析

  • 无论句子有无使用虚拟语气都可以直接翻译

  • 无长难句分析，同if引导的状语从句

  • 举例句子

    • 如果发生这种情况，热情的消费将试图使他人抵制产品，从而使目标公司的声誉受到威胁。

      • If that happened ,passionate consume would try to others to boycott products,putting the reputation of the target company at risk.

    • 以个人为中心的理论表明，儿童从事犯罪行为是因为他们没有因先前的过失而受到惩罚，或者他们通过与他人的互动而学会了犯罪行为。

      • Theories centering on the individual suggest that children engage in criminal behavior because they were not suffcinetly penalized for previous misdeeds or that they have learned criminal behavior through interactions with others.

    • 要是在几年前，许多离婚了的政客只要有离婚的想法，就一定会被赶下他，更别提真的离婚了。

      • Countless divorced politicians would have been elected out of office years age had they even thought of a divorce,let alone gotten one.

插入语

• 什么是插入语

  • 就是放在主谓之间，用逗号或者破折号隔开的部分，阅读理解可以当做没看见，翻译需要翻译出来。

• 成分

  • 状语
  • 同位语
  • 定语

• 常用形式

  • 副词做插入语
  • 介词短语做插入语
  • 不定时做插入语
  • 分词做插入语
  • 现在分词短语做插入语