Vulkan再探（7）：纹理贴图

08/20/2020

纹理贴图（Texture Mapping）

这边一共两个知识点：

• 加载外部图片作为纹理
• 如何过滤纹理，生成贴图

纹理属性

用到纹理贴图，至少需要设置下面的所有属性

struct Texture 
{
   
	VkImage image;
	VkImageLayout imageLayout;
	VkDeviceMemory deviceMemory;
	VkImageView view;
	uint32_t width, height;
	uint32_t mipLevels;					//采样器的过滤器，贴图
	uint32_t layerCount;				//用于天空盒，或者贴图数组
	VkDescriptorImageInfo descriptor; 	//用于写入到描述符集合中
	VkSampler sampler;					//采样器
} texture;

加载图片

图片格式有很多，比如png，jpg,ktx等等，通常使用第三库来加载图片

• 可以获得图片长宽
• 图片格式
• 图片miplevels

void loadTexture()
{
   
	// We use the Khronos texture format (https://www.khronos.org/opengles/sdk/tools/KTX/file_format_spec/)
	std::string filename = getAssetPath() + "textures/metalplate01_rgba.ktx";
	// Texture data contains 4 channels (RGBA) with unnormalized 8-bit values, this is the most commonly supported format
	VkFormat format = VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM;

	ktxResult result;
	ktxTexture* ktxTexture;
	texture.width = ktxTexture->baseWidth;
	texture.height = ktxTexture->baseHeight;
	texture.mipLevels = ktxTexture->numLevels;		
	ktx_uint8_t *ktxTextureData = ktxTexture_GetData(ktxTexture);
	ktx_size_t ktxTextureSize = ktxTexture_GetSize(ktxTexture);

	//是否使用linear sampling
	//使用stageing buffer来存储，再传输数据
}

临时缓冲区储存图片信息

• 创建临时缓冲区
• 分配内存
• memcpy 拷贝数据

// Copy data to an optimal tiled image
// This loads the texture data into a host local buffer that is copied to the optimal tiled image on the device

// Create a host-visible staging buffer that contains the raw image data
// This buffer will be the data source for copying texture data to the optimal tiled image on the device
VkBuffer stagingBuffer;
VkDeviceMemory stagingMemory;

VkBufferCreateInfo bufferCreateInfo = vks::initializers::bufferCreateInfo();
bufferCreateInfo.size = ktxTextureSize;
// This buffer is used as a transfer source for the buffer copy
bufferCreateInfo.usage = VK_BUFFER_USAGE_TRANSFER_SRC_BIT;
bufferCreateInfo.sharingMode = VK_SHARING_MODE_EXCLUSIVE;
VK_CHECK_RESULT(vkCreateBuffer(device, &bufferCreateInfo, nullptr, &stagingBuffer));

// Get memory requirements for the staging buffer (alignment, memory type bits)
vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements(device, stagingBuffer, &memReqs);
memAllocInfo.allocationSize = memReqs.size;
// Get memory type index for a host visible buffer
memAllocInfo.memoryTypeIndex = vulkanDevice->getMemoryType(memReqs.memoryTypeBits, VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_VISIBLE_BIT | VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_COHERENT_BIT);
VK_CHECK_RESULT(vkAllocateMemory(device, &memAllocInfo, nullptr, &stagingMemory));
VK_CHECK_RESULT(vkBindBufferMemory(device, stagingBuffer, stagingMemory, 0