多个着色器与多个VAO,VBO绘制三角形
写在最前面：
如果对一个三角形的绘制过程还不明白建议先去看看👉这篇文章
设置不同片段着色器绘制两个三角形
#include <glad/glad.h>
#include <GLFW/glfw3.h>
#include <iostream>
void framebuffer_size_callback(GLFWwindow* window, int width, int height);
void processInput(GLFWwindow *window);
// settings
const unsigned int SCR_WIDTH = 800;
const unsigned int SCR_HEIGHT = 600;
//顶点着色器glsl编码
const char *vertexShaderSource = "#version 330 core\n"
"layout (location = 0) in vec3 aPos;\n"
"void main()\n"
"{\n"
" gl_Position = vec4(aPos.x, aPos.y, aPos.z, 1.0);\n"
"}\0";
//第一个片段着色器 橙色
const char *fragmentShader1Source = "#version 330 core\n"
"out vec4 FragColor;\n"
"void main()\n"
"{\n"
" FragColor = vec4(1.0f, 0.5f, 0.2f, 1.0f);\n"
"}\n\0";
//第二个片段着色器 黄色
const char *fragmentShader2Source = "#version 330 core\n"
"out vec4 FragColor;\n"
"void main()\n"
"{\n"
" FragColor = vec4(1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f);\n"
"}\n\0";
int main()
{
// glfw: initialize and configure
// ------------------------------
glfwInit();
glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MAJOR, 3);
glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MINOR, 3);
glfwWindowHint(GLFW_OPENGL_PROFILE, GLFW_OPENGL_CORE_PROFILE);
#ifdef __APPLE__
glfwWindowHint(GLFW_OPENGL_FORWARD_COMPAT, GL_TRUE);
#endif
// glfw window creation
// --------------------
GLFWwindow* window = glfwCreateWindow(SCR_WIDTH, SCR_HEIGHT, "LearnOpenGL", NULL, NULL);
if (window == NULL)
{
std::cout << "Failed to create GLFW window" << std::endl;
glfwTerminate();
return -1;
}
glfwMakeContextCurrent(window);
glfwSetFramebufferSizeCallback(window, framebuffer_size_callback);
// glad: load all OpenGL function pointers
// ---------------------------------------
if (!gladLoadGLLoader((GLADloadproc)glfwGetProcAddress))
{
std::cout << "Failed to initialize GLAD" << std::endl;
return -1;
}
// build and compile our shader program 构建和编译我们的着色程序
// ------------------------------------
// we skipped compile log checks this time for readability (if you do encounter issues, add the compile-checks! see previous code samples)
unsigned int vertexShader = glCreateShader(GL_VERTEX_SHADER);
unsigned int fragmentShaderOrange = glCreateShader(GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER); // the first fragment shader that outputs the color orange
unsigned int fragmentShaderYellow = glCreateShader(GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER); // the second fragment shader that outputs the color yellow
unsigned int shaderProgramOrange = glCreateProgram();
unsigned int shaderProgramYellow = glCreateProgram(); // the second shader program
glShaderSource(vertexShader, 1, &vertexShaderSource, NULL);
glCompileShader(vertexShader);
glShaderSource(fragmentShaderOrange, 1, &fragmentShader1Source, NULL);
glCompileShader(fragmentShaderOrange);
glShaderSource(fragmentShaderYellow, 1, &fragmentShader2Source, NULL);
glCompileShader(fragmentShaderYellow);
// link the first program object
glAttachShader(shaderProgramOrange, vertexShader);
glAttachShader(shaderProgramOrange, fragmentShaderOrange);
glLinkProgram(shaderProgramOrange);
// then link the second program object using a different fragment shader (but same vertex shader)
// this is perfectly allowed since the inputs and outputs of both the vertex and fragment shaders are equally matched.
glAttachShader(shaderProgramYellow, vertexShader);
glAttachShader(shaderProgramYellow, fragmentShaderYellow);
glLinkProgram(shaderProgramYellow);
// set up vertex data (and buffer(s)) and configure vertex attributes
// ------------------------------------------------------------------
float firstTriangle[] = {
-0.9f, -0.5f, 0.0f, // left
-0.0f, -0.5f, 0.0f, // right
-0.45f, 0.5f, 0.0f, // top
};
float secondTriangle[] = {
0.0f, -0.5f, 0.0f, // left
0.9f, -0.5f, 0.0f, // right
0.45f, 0.5f, 0.0f // top
};
//创建多个VAO 和 VBO 对象
unsigned int VBOs[2], VAOs[2];
glGenVertexArrays(2, VAOs); // we can also generate multiple VAOs or buffers at the same time
glGenBuffers(2, VBOs);
// first triangle setup
// 第一个三角形的VAO与VBO实现
// --------------------
glBindVertexArray(VAOs[0]);
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, VBOs[0]);
glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(firstTriangle), firstTriangle, GL_STATIC_DRAW);
glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 3 * sizeof(float), (void*)0); // Vertex attributes stay the same
glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);
// glBindVertexArray(0); // no need to unbind at all as we directly bind a different VAO the next few lines
// second triangle setup
// 第二个三角形的VAO与VBO实现
// ---------------------
glBindVertexArray(VAOs[1]); // note that we bind to a different VAO now
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, VBOs[1]); // and a different VBO
glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(secondTriangle), secondTriangle, GL_STATIC_DRAW);
glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 0, (void*)0); // because the vertex data is tightly packed we can also specify 0 as the vertex attribute's stride to let OpenGL figure it out
glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);
// glBindVertexArray(0); // not really necessary as well, but beware of calls that could affect VAOs while this one is bound (like binding element buffer objects, or enabling/disabling vertex attributes)
// uncomment this call to draw in wireframe polygons.
//glPolygonMode(GL_FRONT_AND_BACK, GL_LINE);
// render loop
// -----------
while (!glfwWindowShouldClose(window))
{
// input
// -----
processInput(window);
// render
// ------
glClearColor(0.2f, 0.3f, 0.3f, 1.0f);
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);
// now when we draw the triangle we first use the vertex and orange fragment shader from the first program
glUseProgram(shaderProgramOrange);
// draw the first triangle using the data from our first VAO
glBindVertexArray(VAOs[0]);
glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 3); // this call should output an orange triangle
// then we draw the second triangle using the data from the second VAO
// when we draw the second triangle we want to use a different shader program so we switch to the shader program with our yellow fragment shader.
glUseProgram(shaderProgramYellow);
glBindVertexArray(VAOs[1]);
glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 3); // this call should output a yellow triangle
// glfw: swap buffers and poll IO events (keys pressed/released, mouse moved etc.)
// -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
glfwSwapBuffers(window);
glfwPollEvents();
}
// optional: de-allocate all resources once they've outlived their purpose:
// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
glDeleteVertexArrays(2, VAOs);
glDeleteBuffers(2, VBOs);
glDeleteProgram(shaderProgramOrange);
glDeleteProgram(shaderProgramYellow);
// glfw: terminate, clearing all previously allocated GLFW resources.
// ------------------------------------------------------------------
glfwTerminate();
return 0;
}
// process all input: query GLFW whether relevant keys are pressed/released this frame and react accordingly
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
void processInput(GLFWwindow *window)
{
if (glfwGetKey(window, GLFW_KEY_ESCAPE) == GLFW_PRESS)
glfwSetWindowShouldClose(window, true);
}
// glfw: whenever the window size changed (by OS or user resize) this callback function executes
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
void framebuffer_size_callback(GLFWwindow* window, int width, int height)
{
// make sure the viewport matches the new window dimensions; note that width and
// height will be significantly larger than specified on retina displays.
glViewport(0, 0, width, height);
}
设置多个不同片段着色器绘制三个三角形
#include <glad/glad.h>
#include <GLFW/glfw3.h>
#include <iostream>
void framebuffer_size_callback(GLFWwindow* window, int width, int height);
void processInput(GLFWwindow *window);
// settings
const unsigned int SCR_WIDTH = 800;
const unsigned int SCR_HEIGHT = 600;
//顶点着色器glsl编码
const char *vertexShaderSource = "#version 330 core\n"
"layout (location = 0) in vec3 aPos;\n"
"void main()\n"
"{\n"
" gl_Position = vec4(aPos.x, aPos.y, aPos.z, 1.0);\n"
"}\0";
//第一个片段着色器 橙色
const char *fragmentShader1Source = "#version 330 core\n"
"out vec4 FragColor;\n"
"void main()\n"
"{\n"
" FragColor = vec4(1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f);\n"
"}\n\0";
//第二个片段着色器 黄色
const char *fragmentShader2Source = "#version 330 core\n"
"out vec4 FragColor;\n"
"void main()\n"
"{\n"
" FragColor = vec4(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f);\n"
"}\n\0";
//第三个片段着色器 黄色
const char* fragmentShader3Source = "#version 330 core\n"
"out vec4 FragColor;\n"
"void main()\n"
"{\n"
" FragColor = vec4(0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);\n"
"}\n\0";
int main()
{
// glfw: initialize and configure
// ------------------------------
glfwInit();
glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MAJOR, 3);
glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MINOR, 3);
glfwWindowHint(GLFW_OPENGL_PROFILE, GLFW_OPENGL_CORE_PROFILE);
#ifdef __APPLE__
glfwWindowHint(GLFW_OPENGL_FORWARD_COMPAT, GL_TRUE);
#endif
// glfw window creation
// --------------------
GLFWwindow* window = glfwCreateWindow(SCR_WIDTH, SCR_HEIGHT, "LearnOpenGL", NULL, NULL);
if (window == NULL)
{
std::cout << "Failed to create GLFW window" << std::endl;
glfwTerminate();
return -1;
}
glfwMakeContextCurrent(window);
glfwSetFramebufferSizeCallback(window, framebuffer_size_callback);
// glad: load all OpenGL function pointers
// ---------------------------------------
if (!gladLoadGLLoader((GLADloadproc)glfwGetProcAddress))
{
std::cout << "Failed to initialize GLAD" << std::endl;
return -1;
}
// build and compile our shader program 构建和编译我们的着色程序
// ------------------------------------
// we skipped compile log checks this time for readability (if you do encounter issues, add the compile-checks! see previous code samples)
unsigned int vertexShader = glCreateShader(GL_VERTEX_SHADER);
unsigned int fragmentShaderRed = glCreateShader(GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER);
unsigned int fragmentShaderGreen = glCreateShader(GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER);
unsigned int fragmentShaderBlue= glCreateShader(GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER);
unsigned int shaderProgramRed= glCreateProgram();
unsigned int shaderProgramGreen = glCreateProgram();
unsigned int shaderProgramBlue = glCreateProgram();
glShaderSource(vertexShader, 1, &vertexShaderSource, NULL);
glCompileShader(vertexShader);
glShaderSource(fragmentShaderRed, 1, &fragmentShader1Source, NULL);
glCompileShader(fragmentShaderRed);
glShaderSource(fragmentShaderGreen, 1, &fragmentShader2Source, NULL);
glCompileShader(fragmentShaderGreen);
glShaderSource(fragmentShaderBlue, 1, &fragmentShader3Source, NULL);
glCompileShader(fragmentShaderBlue);
// link the first program object
glAttachShader(shaderProgramRed, vertexShader);
glAttachShader(shaderProgramRed, fragmentShaderRed);
glLinkProgram(shaderProgramRed);
// then link the second program object using a different fragment shader (but same vertex shader)
// this is perfectly allowed since the inputs and outputs of both the vertex and fragment shaders are equally matched.
glAttachShader(shaderProgramGreen, vertexShader);
glAttachShader(shaderProgramGreen, fragmentShaderGreen);
glLinkProgram(shaderProgramGreen);
glAttachShader(shaderProgramBlue, vertexShader);
glAttachShader(shaderProgramBlue, fragmentShaderBlue);
glLinkProgram(shaderProgramBlue);
// set up vertex data (and buffer(s)) and configure vertex attributes
// ------------------------------------------------------------------
float firstTriangle[] = {
-0.9/2.0f, -0.5/2.0f, 0.0f,
-0.0f, -0.5/2.0f, 0.0f,
-0.45/2.0f, 0.5/2.0f, 0.0f
};
float secondTriangle[] = {
0.0f, -0.5/2.0f, 0.0f,
0.9/2.0f, -0.5/2.0f, 0.0f,
0.45/2.0f, 0.5/2.0f, 0.0f
};
float thridTriangle[] = {
0.45 / 2.0f, 0.5 / 2.0f, 0.0f,
-0.45 / 2.0f, 0.5 / 2.0f, 0.0f,
0.0f,0.75f,0.0f
};
//创建多个VAO 和 VBO 对象
unsigned int VBOs[3], VAOs[3];
glGenVertexArrays(3, VAOs); // we can also generate multiple VAOs or buffers at the same time
glGenBuffers(3, VBOs);
// first triangle setup
// 第一个三角形的VAO与VBO实现
// --------------------
glBindVertexArray(VAOs[0]);
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, VBOs[0]);
glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(firstTriangle), firstTriangle, GL_STATIC_DRAW);
glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 3 * sizeof(float), (void*)0); // Vertex attributes stay the same
glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);
// glBindVertexArray(0); // no need to unbind at all as we directly bind a different VAO the next few lines
// second triangle setup
// 第二个三角形的VAO与VBO实现
// ---------------------
glBindVertexArray(VAOs[1]); // note that we bind to a different VAO now
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, VBOs[1]); // and a different VBO
glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(secondTriangle), secondTriangle, GL_STATIC_DRAW);
glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 0, (void*)0); // because the vertex data is tightly packed we can also specify 0 as the vertex attribute's stride to let OpenGL figure it out
glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);
// glBindVertexArray(0); // not really necessary as well, but beware of calls that could affect VAOs while this one is bound (like binding element buffer objects, or enabling/disabling vertex attributes)
//第三个三角形的VAO与VBO实现
glBindVertexArray(VAOs[2]); // note that we bind to a different VAO now
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, VBOs[2]); // and a different VBO
glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(thridTriangle), thridTriangle, GL_STATIC_DRAW);
glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 0, (void*)0); // because the vertex data is tightly packed we can also specify 0 as the vertex attribute's stride to let OpenGL figure it out
glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);
// uncomment this call to draw in wireframe polygons.
//glPolygonMode(GL_FRONT_AND_BACK, GL_LINE);
// render loop
// -----------
while (!glfwWindowShouldClose(window))
{
// input
// -----
processInput(window);
// render
// ------
glClearColor(0.2f, 0.3f, 0.3f, 1.0f);
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);
// now when we draw the triangle we first use the vertex and orange fragment shader from the first program
glUseProgram(shaderProgramRed);
// draw the first triangle using the data from our first VAO
glBindVertexArray(VAOs[0]);
glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 3); // this call should output an orange triangle
// then we draw the second triangle using the data from the second VAO
// when we draw the second triangle we want to use a different shader program so we switch to the shader program with our yellow fragment shader.
glUseProgram(shaderProgramGreen);
glBindVertexArray(VAOs[1]);
glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 3); // this call should output a yellow triangle
glUseProgram(shaderProgramBlue);
glBindVertexArray(VAOs[2]);
glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 3); // this call should output a yellow triangle
// glfw: swap buffers and poll IO events (keys pressed/released, mouse moved etc.)
// -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
glfwSwapBuffers(window);
glfwPollEvents();
}
// optional: de-allocate all resources once they've outlived their purpose:
// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
glDeleteVertexArrays(3, VAOs);
glDeleteBuffers(3, VBOs);
glDeleteProgram(shaderProgramRed);
glDeleteProgram(shaderProgramGreen);
glDeleteProgram(shaderProgramBlue);
// glfw: terminate, clearing all previously allocated GLFW resources.
// ------------------------------------------------------------------
glfwTerminate();
return 0;
}
// process all input: query GLFW whether relevant keys are pressed/released this frame and react accordingly
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
void processInput(GLFWwindow *window)
{
if (glfwGetKey(window, GLFW_KEY_ESCAPE) == GLFW_PRESS)
glfwSetWindowShouldClose(window, true);
}
// glfw: whenever the window size changed (by OS or user resize) this callback function executes
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
void framebuffer_size_callback(GLFWwindow* window, int width, int height)
{
// make sure the viewport matches the new window dimensions; note that width and
// height will be significantly larger than specified on retina displays.
glViewport(0, 0, width, height);
}
当选择着色程序片段为红颜色着色器，得到的三角形全为红色
当选择着色程序片段为不同片段着色器，得到的三角形颜色不同
将填充格式放在渲染的任意位置，都会变成线框格式
glPolygonMode(GL_FRONT_AND_BACK, GL_LINE);
如图所示：
而在渲染中设置不同填充方式也会实现不通效果如图：
渲染循环代码：
while (!glfwWindowShouldClose(window))
{
// input
// -----
processInput(window);
// render
// ------
glClearColor(0.2f, 0.3f, 0.3f, 1.0f);
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);
// now when we draw the triangle we first use the vertex and orange fragment shader from the first program
glPolygonMode(GL_FRONT_AND_BACK, GL_FILL);
glUseProgram(shaderProgramRed);
// draw the first triangle using the data from our first VAO
glBindVertexArray(VAOs[0]);
glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 3); // this call should output an orange triangle
// then we draw the second triangle using the data from the second VAO
// when we draw the second triangle we want to use a different shader program so we switch to the shader program with our yellow fragment shader.
glUseProgram(shaderProgramGreen);
glBindVertexArray(VAOs[1]);
glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 3); // this call should output a yellow triangle
glPolygonMode(GL_FRONT_AND_BACK, GL_LINE);
glUseProgram(shaderProgramBlue);
glBindVertexArray(VAOs[2]);
glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 3); // this call should output a yellow triangle
// glfw: swap buffers and poll IO events (keys pressed/released, mouse moved etc.)
// -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
glfwSwapBuffers(window);
glfwPollEvents();
}
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