设计模式（十九）——观察者模式

一、例：老板回来，我不知道

双向耦合的代码：

import java.util.ArrayList;

//观察者模式

class Secretary { // 前台秘书类
	private ArrayList<StockObserver> observers = new ArrayList<StockObserver>(); // 同事列表
	private String action;

	public void Attach(StockObserver observer) { // 增加
		observers.add(observer);
	}

	public void Notify() { // 通知
		for (int i = 0; i < observers.size(); i++) {
			observers.get(i).Update();
		}
	}

	public String getAction() { // 得到前台状态
		return action;
	}

	public void setAction(String action) { // 设置前台状态
		this.action = action;
	}

}

class StockObserver { // 看股票同事类
	private String name;
	private Secretary sub;

	public StockObserver(String name, Secretary sub) {
		super();
		this.name = name;
		this.sub = sub;
	}

	public void Update() {
		System.out.println(sub.getAction() + name + "关闭股票行情，继续工作！");
	}
}

public class Observer {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		Secretary tongzizhe = new Secretary(); // 前台小姐tongzizhe
		// 看股票的同事
		StockObserver tongshi1 = new StockObserver("魏观察", tongzizhe);
		StockObserver tongshi2 = new StockObserver("易观察", tongzizhe);
		// 前台记下了两位同事
		tongzizhe.Attach(tongshi1);
		tongzizhe.Attach(tongshi2);
		// 发现老板回来了
		tongzizhe.setAction("老板回来了！");
		// 通知两位同事
		tongzizhe.Notify();
	}
}

改进一：解耦实践一

abstract class Observer { // 抽象观察者类
	protected String name;
	protected Secretary sub;

	public Observer(String name, Secretary sub) {
		super();
		this.name = name;
		this.sub = sub;
	}

	public abstract void Update();
}

class StockObserver extends Observer { // 具体观察者类一：看股票的同事类

	public StockObserver(String name, Secretary sub) {
		super(name, sub);
		// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
	}

	@Override
	public void Update() {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		System.out.println(sub.getAction() + name + "关闭股票行情，继续工作！");
	}

}

class NBAObserver extends Observer { // 具体观察者类二：看NBA的同事类

	public NBAObserver(String name, Secretary sub) {
		super(name, sub);
		// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
		System.out.println(sub.getAction() + name + "关闭NBA直播，继续工作！");
	}

	@Override
	public void Update() {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub

	}

}

class Secretary { // 前台秘书类
	private ArrayList<StockObserver> observers = new ArrayList<StockObserver>(); // 同事列表
	private String action;

	public void Attach(StockObserver observer) { // 增加
		observers.add(observer);
	}

	public void Detach(Observer observer) { // 减少
		observers.remove(observer);
	}

	public void Notify() { // 通知
		for (int i = 0; i < observers.size(); i++) {
			observers.get(i).Update();
		}
	}

	public String getAction() { // 得到前台状态
		return action;
	}

	public void setAction(String action) { // 设置前台状态
		this.action = action;
	}

}

public class Observers {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		Secretary tongzizhe = new Secretary(); // 前台小姐tongzizhe
		// 看股票的同事
		StockObserver tongshi1 = new StockObserver("魏观察", tongzizhe);
		StockObserver tongshi2 = new StockObserver("易观察", tongzizhe);
		// 前台记下了两位同事
		tongzizhe.Attach(tongshi1);
		tongzizhe.Attach(tongshi2);
		// 发现老板回来了
		tongzizhe.setAction("老板回来了！");
		// 通知两位同事
		tongzizhe.Notify();
	}
}

改进二：解耦实践二

interface Subject { // 通知者接口
	void Attach(Observer observer);

	void Detach(Observer observer);

	void Notify();

	public String getAction();

	public void setAction(String action);
}

class Boss implements Subject {
	private ArrayList<Observer> observers = new ArrayList<Observer>(); // 同事列表
	private String action;

	@Override
	public void Attach(Observer observer) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		observers.add(observer);
	}

	@Override
	public void Detach(Observer observer) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		observers.remove(observer);
	}

	@Override
	public void Notify() {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		for (int i = 0; i < observers.size(); i++) {
			observers.get(i).Update();
		}
	}

	public String getAction() { // 得到前台状态
		return action;
	}

	public void setAction(String action) { // 设置前台状态
		this.action = action;
	}

}

class Secretary implements Subject {
	private ArrayList<Observer> observers = new ArrayList<Observer>(); // 同事列表
	private String action;

	@Override
	public void Attach(Observer observer) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		observers.add(observer);
	}

	@Override
	public void Detach(Observer observer) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		observers.remove(observer);
	}

	@Override
	public void Notify() {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		for (int i = 0; i < observers.size(); i++) {
			observers.get(i).Update();
		}
	}

	@Override
	public String getAction() {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		return action;
	}

	@Override
	public void setAction(String action) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		this.action = action;
	}

}

abstract class Observer { // 抽象观察者类
	protected String name;
	protected Subject sub;

	public Observer(String name, Subject sub) {
		super();
		this.name = name;
		this.sub = sub;
	}

	public abstract void Update();
}

class StockObserver extends Observer { // 看股票的同事类

	public StockObserver(String name, Subject sub) {
		super(name, sub);
		// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
	}

	@Override
	public void Update() {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		System.out.println(sub.getAction() + name + "关闭股票行情，继续工作！");
	}

}

class NBAObserver extends Observer { // 看NBA的同事类

	public NBAObserver(String name, Subject sub) {
		super(name, sub);
		// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
	}

	@Override
	public void Update() {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		System.out.println(sub.getAction() + name + "关闭NBA直播，继续工作！");
	}

}

public class Observers {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		Boss huhansan = new Boss();
		// 看股票的同事
		StockObserver tongshi1 = new StockObserver("魏观察", huhansan);
		NBAObserver tongshi2 = new NBAObserver("易观察", huhansan);
		huhansan.Attach(tongshi1);
		huhansan.Attach(tongshi2);
		huhansan.Detach(tongshi1);
		huhansan.setAction("我胡汉三回来了！");
		huhansan.Notify();
	}
}

二、观察者模式
观察者模式定义了一种一对多的依赖关系，让多个观察者对象同时监听某一个主题对象，这个对象在状态发生变化时，会通知所有观察者对象，使他们能够自动更新自己。

abstract class Subject { // 抽象通知者类
	private ArrayList<Observer> observers = new ArrayList<Observer>();

	public void Attach(Observer observer) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		observers.add(observer);
	}

	public void Detach(Observer observer) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		observers.remove(observer);
	}

	public void Notify() {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		for (int i = 0; i < observers.size(); i++) {
			observers.get(i).Update();
		}
	}
}

abstract class Observer { // 抽象观察者类
	public abstract void Update();
}

class ConcreteSubject extends Subject { // 具体通知者类
	private String subjectState; // 具体被观察者状态

	public String getSubjectState() {
		return subjectState;
	}

	public void setSubjectState(String subjectState) {
		this.subjectState = subjectState;
	}

}

class ConcreteObserver extends Observer { // 具体观察者类
	private String name;
	private String observerState;
	private ConcreteSubject subject;

	public ConcreteObserver(ConcreteSubject subject, String name) {
		super();
		this.name = name;
		this.subject = subject;
	}

	@Override
	public void Update() {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		System.out.println("观察者" + name + "的状态是：" + subject.getSubjectState());
	}

	public ConcreteSubject getSubject() {
		return subject;
	}

	public void setSubject(ConcreteSubject subject) {
		this.subject = subject;
	}
}

public class Observers {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		ConcreteSubject s = new ConcreteSubject();
		s.Attach(new ConcreteObserver(s, "X"));
		s.Attach(new ConcreteObserver(s, "Y"));
		s.Attach(new ConcreteObserver(s, "Z"));
		s.setSubjectState("ABC");
		s.Notify();
	}
}