在VMware中Ubuntu18中使用vscode编写c++程序的配置过程及可能遇到的问题

一、下载Ubuntu镜像源

Ubuntu18.04下载地址

二、下载vmtools

下载vmtools可以使ubuntu桌面占满整个vmware界面的屏幕，还可以与windows桌面交互使用文本/文件复制粘贴的功能，例如虚拟机科学上网不太方便，可以用windows科学上网下载完后复制到虚拟机中来。

vmtools无法实现复制粘贴

1. 卸载已经下载好的vmtools

sudo apt-get autoremove open-vm-tools 

2. 重新安装vmtools

sudo apt-get install open-vm-tools

3. 安装vmtools-desktop

sudo apt-get install open-vm-tools-desktop

4. 重启Ubuntu

reboot

三、切换清华镜像源

1. 打开终端，进入镜像源文件

cd /etc/apt

2. 备份Ubuntu系统原有的镜像源

sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.backup.list

这样如果后面想改回来Ubuntu系统源的的话直接使用下面的就能改回默认源了

sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.backup.list /etc/apt/sources.list

3. 然后使用超级用户模式使用gedit打开sources.list

sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list

4. 替换为以下内容，清华大学镜像源网站

# 默认注释了源码镜像以提高 apt update 速度，如有需要可自行取消注释
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse

# deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
# # deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse

# 预发布软件源，不建议启用
# deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
# # deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

4. 更新清华源对应的包

sudo apt-get update

四、下载VScode

这个直接在Ubuntu软件中下载就好了

五、下载c++必要的文件

好像下载g++的时候gcc和gdb也会一起下载，反正都下载一下确认一下

sudo apt install g++
sudo apt install gcc
sudo apt install gdb
sudo apt install cmake

六、vscode操作

新建文件夹

再选择用vscode打开，并安装c++扩展

新建hello.cpp文件

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <string>

using namespace std;

int main()
{
   vector<string> msg {"Hello", "C++", "World", "from", "VS Code", "and the C++ extension!"};

    for (const string& word : msg)
    {
        cout << word << " ";
    }
    cout << endl;
    return 0;
}

七、配置三个JSON文件

再按F1，编辑配置

会自动生成c_cpp_properties.json文件

{
    "configurations": [
        {
            "name": "Linux",
            "includePath": [
                "${workspaceFolder}/**"
            ],
            "defines": [],
            "compilerPath": "/usr/bin/gcc",
            "cStandard": "c11",
            "cppStandard": "gnu++14",
            "intelliSenseMode": "linux-gcc-x64"
        }
    ],
    "version": 4
}

再按调试按钮，

会自动生成task.json文件

{
    "tasks": [
        {
            "type": "cppbuild",
            "label": "C/C++: g++ 生成活动文件",
            "command": "/usr/bin/g++",
            "args": [
                "-fdiagnostics-color=always",
                "-g",
                "${file}",
                "-o",
                "${fileDirname}/${fileBasenameNoExtension}"
            ],
            "options": {
                "cwd": "${fileDirname}"
            },
            "problemMatcher": [
                "$gcc"
            ],
            "group": {
                "kind": "build",
                "isDefault": true
            },
            "detail": "调试器生成的任务。"
        }
    ],
    "version": "2.0.0"
}

再在调试界面先点运行和调试，再创建json文件

做一些小小的修改，注意其中task中的label和launch中的preLaunchTask内容一致

{
    // 使用 IntelliSense 了解相关属性。 
    // 悬停以查看现有属性的描述。
    // 欲了解更多信息，请访问: https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?linkid=830387
    "version": "0.2.0",
    "configurations": [
        {
            "name": "C/C++: g++ build and debug active file",
            "type": "cppdbg",
            "request": "launch",
            "program": "${fileDirname}/${fileBasenameNoExtension}",
            "args": [],
            "stopAtEntry": false,
            "cwd": "${workspaceFolder}",
            "environment": [],
            "externalConsole": false,
            "MIMode": "gdb",
            "miDebuggerPath": "/usr/bin/gdb",
            "miDebuggerArgs": "-q -ex quit; wait() { fg >/dev/null; }; /usr/bin/gdb -q --interpreter=mi",
            "setupCommands": [
              {
                "description": "Enable pretty-printing for gdb",
                "text": "-enable-pretty-printing",
                "ignoreFailures": true
              }
            ],
            "preLaunchTask": "C/C++: g++ 生成活动文件"
          }
    ]
}

接下来就可以愉快地用vscode写c++啦

八、可能遇到的问题

(1) vscode运行的时候字符间距很宽

左下角管理-》设置-》搜索 Integrated:Font Family

将其值改为monospace

(2) 多个cpp之间调用

将task.json中的"g"内容改为${fileDirname}/*.cpp

{
    "tasks": [
        {
            "type": "cppbuild",
            "label": "C/C++: g++ 生成活动文件",
            "command": "/usr/bin/g++",
            "args": [
                "-fdiagnostics-color=always",
               // "-g","${file}",
               "-g","${fileDirname}/*.cpp",
                "-o","${fileDirname}/${fileBasenameNoExtension}"
            ],
            "options": {
                "cwd": "${fileDirname}"
            },
            "problemMatcher": [
                "$gcc"
            ],
            "group": {
                "kind": "build",
                "isDefault": true
            },
            "detail": "调试器生成的任务。"
        }
    ],
    "version": "2.0.0"
}

(3) 外部终端显示

launch.json文件中的externalConsole改为true

(4) 运行c++时输出[1] + Done “/usr/bin/gdb”

launch.json文件的configuration中添加

"miDebuggerArgs": "-q -ex quit; wait() { fg >/dev/null; }; /usr/bin/gdb -q --interpreter=mi",

有别的问题可以私信我处理