软件可靠性(SOFTWARE RELIABILITY)的定义为THE PROBABILITY OF FAILURE-FREE OPERATION OF A SYSTEM OVER A SPECIFIED TIME WITHIN A SPECIFIED ENVIRONMENT FOR A SPECIFIED PURPOSE .
- 软件错误(error)
- 软件缺陷(defect)
- 软件故障(fault)
- 软件失效(failure)
我们从定义来看,软件的可靠性是通过概率来度量的。
软件失效
CORRESPONDS TO UNEXPECTED RUN - TIME BEHAVIOUR OBSERVED BY A USER
是用户可以在系统运行时观察出来的。由于软件可靠性通过概率来度量,软件失效(failure)的发生具有随机性和不稳定性。软件的失效一般是由于软件故障(fault) 引起的,但并不是每一个软件故障(fault) 都会导致软件失效(failure)。
1. CODE THAT IS “ MOSTLY ” CORRECT ;
2. DEAD OR INFREQUENTLY - USED CODE ;
3. FAULTS THAT DEPEND ON A SET OF CIRCUMSTANCES TO OCCUR .
软件故障(fault)
A STATIC SOFTWARE CHARACTERISTIC WHICH CAUSES A FAILURE TO OCCUR .
并不是每一个软件故障(fault) 都会是软件故障(fault),怎么来理解这一句话呢?如果测试人员没有发现这个故障(fault)?如果测试人员故意执行错误动作?
理解这句话的意思,“90-10 RULE ”: 90% OF THE TIME YOU ARE EXECUTING 10% OF THE CODE .
REMARK / “IT IS EASIER TO MAKE A CORRECT PROGRAM EFFICIENT THAN TO MAKE AN EFFICIENT PROGRAM CORRECT ”.